PPI is regulated by both norepinephrine and dopamine substrates that are neurochemically separable. The PPI-protective effects of clonidine suggest that the noradrenergic regulation of PPI may have utility for predicting therapeutic benefit in TS for drugs other than antipsychotics. Clonidine's failure to prevent the PPI-disruptive effects of apomorphine or phencyclidine further support the specificity of these PPI models for detecting drugs with antipsychotic properties.
Background-Sprague Dawley (SD) rats are significantly more sensitive than Long Evans (LE) rats to the disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) by systemically-administered dopamine (DA) agonists. This strain difference is heritable and insensitive to cross-fostering. Inherited differences in the ability of elevated DA activity to disrupt PPI may be useful for understanding the neural basis for PPI deficits in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Pallidal DBS should be considered among children with functionally debilitating, medication-resistant secondary dystonia. Patients without fixed skeletal deformities who have experienced a short duration of symptoms are most likely to benefit from this intervention.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.