Predators often avoid aposematic prey as a result of aversions to particular prey signals (e.g., bright colours and noxious odours). These aversions may be flexible, that is, they can be reinforced or extinguished with experience. As such, we might expect populations to differ in their biases against certain prey characteristics (e.g., colour or pattern) depending on the prey available in the community. Here, we tested whether the jumping spider, Habronattus brunneus(Salticidae), exhibits colour biases against red prey using choice tests with novel (artificially coloured) prey, and then went on to examine how these biases differ across four geographically distinct focal populations. We then conducted preliminary field surveys at each of these four sites to explore differences in habitat type and prey availability. Overall, we found that field‐caught H. brunneusexhibited a bias against the colour red (compared with black) when tested with artificially coloured prey in the laboratory. However, the degree of colour bias varied among our four focal populations (with two populations exhibiting strong biases against red and two showing no colour biases). Preliminary habitat and prey surveys suggest that these populations also differed in both habitat structure (percentage of grass, leaf litter and bare ground) and prey availability across many taxa, suggesting that the spiders from each population may have been exposed to, and had experiences with, different potential prey. We discuss how prey availability may influence colour biases in predators, as well as how predator experience may shape the evolution of prey colour signals.

Aim: Abundance-occupancy relationships posit that more locally abundant species occupy more sites than less abundant species. Although widely supported, the occurrence and detection of abundance-occupancy relationships is sensitive to sampling and detection processes. Data from large-scale standardized sampling efforts are key to address abundance-occupancy relationships. We aimed to use such a dataset to evaluate the occurrence of abundance-occupancy relationships across different spatial grains and over time for aquatic and terrestrial taxa.Location: USA.

The ‘aegrota species group’ of the Neotropical nymphalid genus Caeruleuptychia Forster, 1964, in addition to three other superficially similar, enigmatic species in the genus, are revised. A lectotype is designated for Euptychia aegrota Butler, 1867, E. aetherialis Butler, 1877 stat. rev., E. helios Weymer, 1911 and E. pilata Butler, 1867, and C. aetherialis is resurrected from its synonymy with C. aegrota. Caeruleuptychia helios caelestissima Brévignon, 2010, syn. nov., and Magneuptychia keltoumae Brévignon & Benmesbah, 2012, syn. nov. are both regarded as junior subjective synonyms of C. helios (Weymer, 1911), as a result of the discovery and first illustration of the female of this taxon. The female of C. aegrota is also described and illustrated for the first time, and three new species, C. trembathi Willmott, Nakahara, Hall & Neild, sp. nov., C. scripta Nakahara, Zacca & Huertas, sp. nov., and C. maryzenderae Lamas & Nakahara, sp. nov. are described and named. We analyze morphological and molecular data separately, in addition to combining morphological data with molecular data, to provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the taxa treated in this revision.

What determines the number of species that can inhabit a given area? This question is fundamental to ecology, and has an analogue in parasitology as to what controls parasite species richness, the number of parasite species that infect a given host species (Kamiya, O'Dwyer, Nakagawa, & Poulin, 2014). While this is a longstanding question in the study of host-parasite interactions, universal drivers of parasite species richness have remained elu