No funding supported this systematic review. Yu is an employee and shareholder of Allergan. Chin reports personal fees from Formulary Resources. Oh and Farias have nothing to disclose. Study concept and design were primarily contributed by Yu, along with the other authors. All authors contributed to the collection and interpretation of the data. The manuscript was written by Yu, Chin, Oh, and Farias and revised by Yu and Chin, along with the other authors.

A289cantly higher for dual eligible members, with full benefit duals being more adherent (OR: 1.09-1.16) than partial duals (OR: 1.07-1.09). In addition, sub-group analyses suggested that non-duals who were low income actually had lower adherence than duals who were poor (but have more benefits due to dual status). Primary care shortage area was not a significant risk factor for MA. ConClusions: MA is significantly associated with demographic and socio-economic factors. Health plans serving a high proportion of disadvantaged members may be providing better quality of care than their MA measure results suggest. Specifically, dual members had higher adherence rates than members with similar characteristics who did not receive Medicaid benefits.