Abstract:Two IFREMER oceanographic surveys carried out in the northwestern Black Sea in 1998 and 2002 complement previous seabed mapping and subsurface sampling by various international expeditions. They show that the lake level rose on the continental shelf to at least the -40 to -30 m isobath based on the landward limit of a Dreissena layer representative of very low salinity conditions (< 5‰). The Black Sea then shows clear evidence for an onset of marine conditions at 7150 BP. From these observations, Ryan et al. (1997) concluded that the Black Sea could have filled abruptly with saltwater cascading in from the Mediterranean. Despite critical discussions of this interpretation, recent IFREMER discoveries of well preserved drowned beaches, sand dunes, and soils appear to lend support to the flood hypothesis. This new evidence includes (1) multibeam echo-sounding and seismic reflection profiles that reveal wave-cut terraces at about -100 m, (2) Romanian shelf cores that show an erosion surface indicating subaerial exposure well below the sill of the modern Bosphorus, (3) 14 C ages documenting a colonization of the former terrestrial shelf surface by marine molluscs at 7150 BP, (4) evidence of sea water penetration into the Black Sea in the form of recent canyon heads at the Bosphorus outlet, and (5) palynological analysis and V.
A partir d'un fragment du système technique-la production de l'outillage lithique-l'auteur aborde les aspects économiques mais aussi sociaux des premières sociétés hiérarchisées d'Europe.
L’opposition au sein du Bassin parisien au Néolithique moyen entre les groupes chasséens (Chasséen septentrional et Chasséen de Bourgogne) et le Michelsberg s’exprime particulièrement bien à travers les armatures de flèche : dominance des armatures tranchantes pour les premiers, dominance des armatures perçantes pour les seconds. Ces pointes de flèche ont été examinées du point de vue typologique et technologique, ce qui permet de préciser la chronologie des groupes culturels et de mieux appréhender les processus qui divisent la région au Néolithique moyen. L’approche technologique permet de caractériser les manières de faire, elles-mêmes tout aussi variables et pertinentes que la typologie brute. Ainsi, l’identification d’une méthode de débitage propre au Michelsberg ancien permet de bien caractériser les armatures, en particulier sur un corpus d’armatures perçantes dites foliacées dont aucune typologie n’a réussi à rendre pleinement compte.
În urma reluării analizei colecțiilor provenite din săpăturile lui D. Berciu la Ceamurlia de Jos și Baia – Golovița, industriile litice au constituit obiectul caracterizării materiilor prime și al unui studiu tehnologic și tipologic. Reiese în mod evident că au fost exploatate materiile prime locale, debitate pe sit, dar și că siturile sunt integrate într‑o rețea de circulație a produselor semi‑finite. Este dezbătută și problema microlitismului de influență mezolitică.
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