La prospective a pour mission d'éclairer les décisions en explorant, de façon collective, le champ des futurs possibles et en dégageant différents scénarios pour l'avenir. Le CETIOM a choisi cette démarche pour étudier la compétitivité des oléagineux (colza et tournesol) en France en tenant compte du contexte européen et mondial à l'horizon 2010-2015. La concurrence entre les oléagineux métropolitains et les autres sources de corps gras s'exerce à tous les niveaux : production, transformation, consommation... Aussi, cette démarche prospective a mobilisé plus de nombreuses personnes de différentes disciplines, activités économiques et institutions. La méthode de prospective utilisée, développée à la DADP-INRA, est fondée sur une vision systémique du problème et fait appel aux modèles de représentation graphique. À l'issue de ce travail, sept dimensions stratégiques ont été retenues : * les agricultures et leurs relations avec leur environnement économique ; * la place de l'information dans la consommation des corps gras ; * la prise en compte des recommandations nutritionnelles par les industries de transformation ; * l'évolution des modèles d'alimentation animale ; * la place des oléagineux dans les systèmes de production ; * les oléagineux face au défi de l'environnement ; * l'impact des usages non alimentaires dans le développement des oléagineux. Pour chacune de ces sept dimensions, des microscénarios de futurs possibles ont été élaborés. Cet article présente brièvement les principaux traits des microscénarios de chacune de ces sept dimensions stratégiques. Summary : The objective of future studies is to enlighten decision-makers, by exploring collectively the sphere of possible futures and bringing out different scenarios for the future. CETIOM has carried out such an approach in order to assess the competitiveness of oilseed (rapeseed and sunflower) in France and Europe, taking into account the European and worldwide context by 2010-2015. The competition between domestic oilseed crops and other sources of fats takes place at all levels of the production, transformation and consumption processes. Thus, this future study has involved about 150 people from several scientific fields, economic bodies and institutions. The overall foresight methodology used has been designed by DADP-INRA and is based on a systemic view of the various issues addressed and requires graphic representation models. Seven strategic topics were accepted at the end of this work: * agriculture and its relationship with its economic environment; * the role of information on fat consumption; * the consideration of nutritional recommendations made by the transformation industries; * the evolution of animal feeding models; * the place of oilseed crops
International audienceFor several years, patches of plants presenting deficiencies in growth have been observed in fields cultivated with oilseed rape. Over 3 years, 57 pairs of damaged and undamaged plants were sampled from cultivated fields on the Atlantic coast of France and around the Paris basin. Results show that two main species of plant-parasitic nematodes can be associated with the patches, Heterodera cruciferae and Meloidogyne artiellia, and that both species probably do not occur in the same fields and regions. This means that M. artiellia, which is considered as a Mediterranean species causing damage essentially on wheat, is also well adapted to colder climate conditions and can extensively damage oilseed rape. Monitoring the different development stages of M. artiellia in a field cultivated with oilseed rape provided more information about the life cycle and showed that only one generation can develop between the sowing in autumn and April
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