Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a eukaryotic intracellular process that includes long-lived and damaged organelles, aggregated and misfolded proteins, as well as superfluous cellular components by forming a transitory double-membrane structure; namely, the phagophore. The phagophore hen matures into a double-membrane autophagosome. Mature autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to degrade and recycle autophagy products into their building
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