Cervical Cancer is an abnormal growth in the cervix-the lower part of the uterus which joins to the vagina. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is identified as the main cause for cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the second most deadly disease among women next to breast cancer in developing countries. However, it is considered to be the most preventable female cancer if identified at an early stage. The cancerous cells may spread to other parts of the body if not identified at an early stage. Pap Smear test and acetic acid test are usually done for cancer screening. In pap test cells are taken from the vagina and cervix and are examined under a microscope for the presence of an abnormal cell. In acetic acid test, the change in features after and before the application of acetic acid is analyzed to find the existence of abnormal cell. Automated screening is becoming most common than manual screening because the latter is erroneous. This paper surveys the different automated methods available for screening the abnormal cells in pap images.

virus was estimated to be higher than that of other seasonal influenza viruses. [4] Influenza A H1N1 infections have been primarily seen among young children, suggesting that they are the most vulnerable to infection. [5] In the clinical diagnosis of influenza, nucleic acid testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has widely replaced traditional virus culture owing to shorter turnaround time and increased sensitivity. [6] To limit community or hospital transmission, and to initiate antiviral therapy on time, the rapid detection of the virus in suspected cases remains crucial. [7] Most cases of H1N1 infection present as mild or subclinical pneumonia. With this background, this study was conducted to compare epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of H1N1-positive patients with those of uninfected and those of infected with other seasonal influenza viruses. Background: In April 2009, a new strain of influenza virus, A H1N1, started to spread in various parts of the world, and the first case was reported on May 16, 2009. [1] The associated morbidity and mortality have made it a major health burden. In this study, we have investigated samples of patients with suspected influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) received at civil