Automation is a technique of controlling a process by electronic devices with reducing human involvement to a minimum. The fundamental of building an automation system for an office or home is increasing day-by-day with numerous benefits. Industrialist and researchers are working to build efficient and affordability automatic systems to monitor and control different machines like lights, fans, air conditioners based on the requirements (Pan, et al., 2015). The automation method makes effective use of electrical energy that eventually results in saving costs while reducing energy waste. This project is based on the concept of internet of things (IoT) that allow objects including people and other devices interconnected over the internet anytime and anywhere using any network and service to exchange data and information. Automation is another important application of IoT technologies. IoT can be applied in setting up smart homes and offices (Pan, et al., 2015). It can be used for the monitoring of energy consumption and controlling the environment in buildings, schools, offices and museums by using different types of sensors and actuators that control lights, temperature, and humidity (Minoli, et al., 2017).In nest apartments, they have been using WIFI home automation system to save energy and controlling electrical appliances. The tenants access a web-based platform which allows them to control the electrical appliances in their rooms. But this system can be hacked into. However, in Nigeria, United kingdoms, India and china they use GSM home automation system to save energy and control electrical appliances. The system is much safer and secure than WIFI system because it cannot be hacked into. Currently, Muni University controls electrical appliances using three different modes: Manual system which is used in buildings, the timer automation system which is used for garden lights.it turns on and off after every twelve hours, the light sensor system which is used on security lights. With low levels of light intensity, it turns on the security lights. The current does not support remote control of the electrical appliances via the phone. The proposed Arduino Smart Energy Saving Systems offers flexibility and remote sensing capabilities.

Abstract:The concept of e-learning is a new phenomenon emerging in developing countries, an understanding of e-learning as a pedagogical process is crucial especially with the global proliferation of Information and Communication Technologies(ICTs). Elearning is an emerging pedagogical phenomenon that developing counties have not embraced fully due to its challenges associated with various implementation factors. A systematic review of 78 e-learning published research articles was conducted and gaps were analyzed in the existing research and recommendations with a focus on developing countries. The purpose of the study was to establish evidence among researchers for e-learning challenges in developing countries with focus on Ugandan public universities. The synthesis of selected articles resulted into identification of recurring trends, crucial knowledge gaps, and a road map that shows the current state of e-learning in developing countries. The articles were taken from various African countries located in the sub-Saharan region that exhibited similar challenges of implementing e-learning in developing countries. Other developing countries in Europe, Middle East, south pacific, and Australia were included in the review. In an endeavor to produce unbiased results, the quality of the papers was critically observed by considering only peer reviewed articles published in recognized journals within the last 5 years. That would guide researchers, practitioners, implementers such as governments that would like to conduct research in the emerging e-learning as a crucial pedagogical process in the field of knowledge transfer and teaching.

eHealth Interoperability appears to be in its infancy in developing countries including Uganda. The study investigated the Semantic Layer as the mediator on the relationship between Technical and Information Infrastructure with eHealth interoperability in Ugandan Public Hospitals using a quantitative approach. Stratified and simple random sampling were used to select respondents. The study used descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling approach for data analysis. The findings further revealed that all hypotheses, H1, H2, and H3, significantly explained eHealth Interoperability in Ugandan Public Hospitals. Thus, all the objectives of the study (Objective 1 and 2) were achieved. It is recommended that stakeholders implementing eHealth Interoperability should consider Technical and Information Infrastructure, and Semantic Layer as key factors explaining eHealth Interoperability in Ugandan Public Hospitals. The study further recommends that software developers should adopt Semantic Layer to improve information exchange in Ugandan Public Hospitals. Further, the Ugandan government should adopt key factors of eHealth Interoperability proposed in this study to achieve sustainable development goals and Uganda Vision 2040 goals.