The incidence of genitourinary complications associated with CIC in children with spina bifida is low. We identified 2 complications during a period of 570 patient-years for an incidence of 3.5 complications/1000 patient-years (95% confidence interval -1.3, 8.3) of observation.

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Endoscopic injection of collagen is effective treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. Furthermore, it causes minimal morbidity and may effect cost savings in health care management.