Five known triterpenes, β‐amyrone (1), isoarborinol acetate (2), hopane‐6α,22‐diol (3), hopane‐22‐ol (4), hopane‐6α,16β,22‐triol (5), along with two esgostane‐type sterols, 5α,8α‐esgosterol peroxide (6), brassicasterol (7) were isolated from the lichen Ramalina peruviana Ach. (Ramalinaceae). Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in the literature. Except 2, this is the first time these compounds are reported in Ramalina genus.

By investigating the chemical constituents of the roots of Launaea sarmentosa, collected at Can Gio beach, Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city, nine compounds were isolated including α‐amyrin acetate (1), β‐amyrin acetate (2), lupeol acetate (3), ψ‐taraksasterol acetate (4), luteolin (5), 4‐allyl‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol glucopyranoside (6), scorzoside (7), ixerisoside D (8) and 9α‐hydroxypinoresinol (9). To the best of our knowledge, all compounds were reported in other species, but this is the first time they were known in L. sarmentosa. Four compounds (1‐4) from the n‐hexane extract were identified by 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐catalyzed benzoylation. Their chemical structures were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS data analysis and compared with those reported in the literature.