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van der Waals heterostructures by stacking different two-dimensional materials are being considered as potential materials for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices because they can show the most potential advantages of individual 2D materials.

TiO 2 nanotubes were synthesized by the solvothermal process at low temperature in a highly alkaline water-methanol mixed solution. Their characteristics were identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specific surface area (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The as-prepared samples were tested by the photodegradation reaction of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible-light irradiation. The ratios of methanol and water, as well as calcination temperature, affected the morphology, nanostructure and photocatalytic performance. The methanol solvent plays an important role in improving crystallization of the anatase phase, which affects the photocatalytic reaction. Titanate nanotubes were synthesized in methanol-water volume ratios of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 which still had high absorbability. Titania nanotubes formed at a calcination temperature of 300 • C using methanol-water volume ratio of 30:70 showed highest photocatalytic performance, much higher than that using water solvent and TiO 2-P25 powder.

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