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Agro-based final discharge is one of the major contributors to wastewater in the world. It creates high demand for efficient treatment. The electrocoagulation process can be used for agro-based wastewater treatment. The performance of the electrocoagulation process is based on several parameters, including the electrode materials, electrolysis time, current density, and electrolyte support. Agro-based industrial wastewater (AIW) treatment processes depend on the characteristics of the wastewater. The removal of organic content from various sources of AIW can reach up to more than 80%. Some studies show that the performance of the electrochemical process can be increased using a combination with other methods. Those other methods include biological and physical treatment. The results of previous research show that organic content and color can be degraded completely. The relationship between the energy consumption and operating cost was analyzed in order to show the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment.

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Following the rapid growth of Malaysia’s population, the sewage sludge disposal capacity makes a big movement up to 7 million m3 annually. It proves that the conventional method, landfilling, causes negative issues related to the secondary pollution as well as high electricity consumption of sewage sludge treatment unit at 544,900 GWh in 2016-2019. The energy consumption also plays important role in the high fossil fuel-dependent energy production in Malaysia. The integration of energy conversion with sludge treatment is the potential method solving problems and global warming prevention. Thanks to the relative high heating value of sludge, the integration of energy conversion with sewage sludge treatment was suitable to reach two purpose including total waste destruction and energy generation through heat recovery, that results in the operating cost reduction and decrease of carbon footprint. The paper provided the overview of sewage sludge disposal and treatment status in Malaysia, it came with the potential of sludge treatment such as anaerobic digestion, combustion, gasification into useful energy was presented.

: Drug materials including pharmaceutical ingredients, medicinal materials, adjuvants and capsules, are the important factors affecting the course of drug manufacture, but up to now, there isn’t any research related to this issue in Vietnam. Therefore, this research was conducted to survey of the situation of domestic drug materials registration in Vietnam in the period 2009-2019 on the data retrieved from the main data of Drug Administration's website. The results showed that in 2009-2019, a total of 765 numbers were registered. Domestic medicinal materials was the most registered group with 196 types and 700 registration numbers. Pharmaceutical ingredient ranked second with 45 registration numbers. Adjuvants had 8 registration numbers and the rest was capsules (12 numbers). Thus, Vietnam tends to focus on Medicinal materials, the increase in registration numbers of this group is consistent with the development strategy of the Vietnamese pharmaceutical industry set by the Prime Minister. Domestic drug materials including pharmaceutical ingredients, adjuvants and capsules have not really developed during the research period. Keywords Drug materials, Medicinal materials, Pharmaceutical ingredients, Registration, Vietnam. References [1] IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics World Health Organization - Country office for India, FICCI (2012), Pharmerging shake-up, New imperatives in a redefined world", pp. 2-3.[2] Drug Administration, List of manufacturers of drugs and drug materials in Vietnam meeting GMP standards - updated to June 18, 2020. https://dav.gov.vn/danh-sach-cssx-thuoc-nguyen-lieu-lam-thuoc-tai-vn-dap-ung-tieu-chuan-gmp-cap-nhat-den-ngay-1862020-n2872.html, 2020 (accessed 8 August 2020) (in Vietnamese).[3] ACBS, The overview of Pharmaceutical Industry. https://www.acbs.com.vn/tin-tuc/n-a-3654-88, 2018 (accessed: 8 August 2020) (in Vietnamese).[4] The Prime minister, Decision of approving the master plan on medicinal plant development through 2020, with orientations toward 2030, No. 1976/QD-TTg, 2013 (in Vietnamese).[5] Ministry of Health, Decision on promulgating the list of 100 medicinal materials with high medical and economic value to focus on development in the period 2020-2030, 2019, (in Vietnamese).[6] Ministry of Health, Decision on promulgating the list of medicinal plants prioritized for development in the period 2015-2020, 2015 (in Vietnamese)[7] Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, EVFTA and Vietnam Pharmaceutical Industry pp. 5-6, 2017 (in Vietnamese).[8] The Government, Decree guidelines for implementation of the law on pharmacy, No. 54/2017/ND-CP, 2017 (in Vietnamese).[9] The Prime minister, Decision on approval the national key science and technology research program for developing the pharmaceutical industry to 2020, No. 61/2007/QD-TTg, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[10] The Prime minister, Decision on approving the planning for the development of the pharmaceutical industry to 2015, with orientations toward 2025, No. 81/2009/QD-TTg, 2009 (in Vietnamese).