Degraded alginate compounds with molecular weights of 7-26, 40-77, or 11-26 kDa were obtained by γ irradiation, hydrogen peroxide (5% H(2)O(2)) treatment, or a combination treatment involving ionizing radiation and H(2)O(2), respectively. The 14 kDa oligoalginate, prepared by the combined method, promoted the growth of mustard greens and lettuce at an optimal concentration of 75 mg/L. The growth promotion effects of the oligoalginate prepared by γ irradiation in the presence of H(2)O(2) were statistically equivalent to those of the oligoalginate prepared by γ irradiation only. The combination of γ irradiation and H(2)O(2) reduced the required irradiation dosage by a factor of 9 relative to the oligoalginate produced by γ irradiation only. The combination treatment (γ irradiation/H(2)O(2)) may be carried out on a large scale at low cost to produce oligoalginate for use as a plant growth promoter in agricultural industries.

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With the transition from face-to-face classes to online classes during Covid-19 epidemic, teachers in Quang Tri have no choice but to integrate ICT into their teaching. At this time ICT has become the most essential tool in educational settings and the subject of many researchers. This study aims to investigate how English teachers perceived ICT integration in terms of the benefits, difficulties as well as challenges of incorporating ICT. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, i.e., questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that the majority of English teachers had a positive perception of integrating ICT due to its effectiveness. However, it was also reported that lack of technical support from schools, and limited knowledge and training in ICT discouraged teachers from using ICT. The study offers useful implications for teachers to integrate ICT in teaching English during the pandemic time.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0903/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The study investigated the Phaeophyceae during the year 2019 at sixteen sampling sites representative for Cham islands. Specimens were collected by scuba diving, snorkelling and walking at the upper tidal zone in both dry and rainy seasons. Twenty-five species of the Phaeophyceae identified for Cham islands from four orders, four families and eleven genera. The Sargassaceae family is the most abundant species composition, followed by Dictyotaceae, Scytosiphonaceae and Asteronemataceae family. In the six islands surveyed, Hon Lao has the highest diversity with 19 species recorded; Hon Dai, Hon Tai, Hon Kho and Hon Mo island recorded from 10 to 14 species, and the lowest diversity is at the Hon La island with 8 species. Ten species Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota spinulosa, Lobophora obscura, Lobophora variegata, Pandina minor, Sargassum bicorne, Sargassum herklotsii, Sargassum parvifolium, Turbinaria conoides, Asteronema breviarticulatum reported as new records for the marine flora of Cham islands.

The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of zooplankton and using them as indicators for water quality monitoring in the Bun Xang canal of Can Tho City. The research was conducted at 3 sites (Canal begining, canal middle and canal end) from September to October 2018 with 3 sampling periods. At each stage, zooplankton samples were collected at the time of the highest and lowest water level. The results showed that a total of 82 zooplankton species were recorded, in which Rotifera had the most diversity composition with 50 species (61%), followed by Protozoa with 13 species (16%), others from 3-11 species (23%). Composition of zooplankton in tide up and tide down periods were 66 species and 74 species, respectively. In particular, Rotifera had the most abundant composition in both the periods of the highest and lowest water level. The density of zooplankton was high ranging from 11,875-1,309,472 inds.m-3, in which their density at the canal end were the higher than that at other sites. In general, there were a relatively high similarity about zooplankton composition between highest and lowest water level stages. The diversity index of Shannon-Weiner (H') fluctuated from 1.18 to 2.39 indicating that the water quality in the study area had moderate pollution level.