Waste governance is emerging as transdisciplinary and inter-sectoral approach to waste management and policy, overcoming primarily prescriptive engineering perspectives of waste. The process of governing waste involves the articulation of different structures, institutions, policies, practices and actors. Paying attention to issues of power, scale, and equity are important in the search for more democratic practices. Innovative forms of governance are emerging as decentralized, participatory and inclusive, focused on waste reduction and resource recovery. Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) is an innovative alternative in generating work and income and a response in favor of social and labor inclusion. It can also be considered as a new, more humane and inclusive development model. With this article we aim to provide practical knowledge on the contributions of grassroots organizations and networks in waste management, supporting the discussion of waste governance in the context of the SSE. We present different experiences of waste picker organizations in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil to showcase their assets and to discuss prevailing challenges. Employing the SSE as a new development model allows us to address everyday issues of waste generation, management and governance in Brazilian cities and in other parts of the world; particularly from the perspective of organized waste pickers in associations, cooperatives and networks. This is a development paradigm which goes beyond just economic considerations, as highlighted with examples from waste management.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the policies in the field of social and solidarity economics (SSE) in India and in Brazil, to draw a comparison between them and to present their strengths and weaknesses. This proposal is based on the innovative initiative of an ongoing collaboration between India and Brazil in the field of SSE within the South-South Triangular Cooperation framework of the International Labor Organization. Design/methodology/approach The methodological procedures used for the elaboration of this article were: literature review in both countries and field trips to India and Brazil. Findings The study helped us understand the realities of SSE in both countries. The importance of SSE can be observed as a means to deal with poverty and the need to generate income for portions of the population, in spite of the historic, cultural, political, economic and social differences. The Indian experience contributes to the theme of the insertion of women in the mechanisms of generation of work positions and income opportunities, whereas the Brazilian experience contributes to the topic of social cooperativism. Research limitations/implications Despite the contributions of SSE to mitigate poverty and income deficiency, considering a significant share of the poor, particularly in India, the mechanisms for inclusion of this population are limited. A similar situation, however, to a lesser degree can also be observed in Brazil. Practical implications This study is an input for the elaboration of public policies of SSE, including the advantages of its transversality. Social implications Besides, it will also help in the analysis and elaboration of social policies from an integrated and emancipatory view. Originality/value Within the international context, the authors understand that this was the first comparative study on the topic of SSE, undertaken between Brazil and India.

This article´s purpose is to discuss the state of the art of the constitution of the entrepreneurial ecosystem for SSE and its application in Brazil. One of the major challenges for the creation, continuity and strengthening of Solidarity Economy Enterprises (SEE) is the effective establishment of an entrepreneurial ecosystem for Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). The construction of the solidary entrepreneurial ecosystem is a complex task, full of challenges, especially when this construction is associated to structural weaknesses inherent to its modus operandi. Case studies of several countries allow us to define general guidelines for the application of public policies that show paths in this direction. Considering this, we organized the article as follows: After the Introduction, we discuss some aspects of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, in topic 1. Then, topic 2 presents the idea of the "triple helix" and coevolution among the elements of the ecosystem and enterprises. Next, topic 3 addresses the construction of the entrepreneurial ecosystem for SSE in some countries in Europe and Asia. Finally, in item 4, some considerations about the Brazilian case. Nº 98/2020, pp 5-30 9 blicas de apoyo: la falta de acciones integradas y transversales (entre ministerios, secretarías, etc., en los ámbitos federal, estatal y municipal) que disminuyen los posibles avances en pro de los objetivos de generación de trabajo, empleo e ingresos y de la propia existencia de diversas experiencias. Esto también se debe a la falta de claridad en lo que concierne a la definición y mensuración del "sector".La existencia y el fortalecimiento del ecosistema emprendedor solidario son un aliado importante en el enfrentamiento de estas fragilidades intrínsecas a la ESS.

O surgimento da doença vassoura de bruxa nos plantios de cacau do Território Litoral Sul da Bahia (TLS) provocou uma mudança na estrutura agrária dessa região: os latifúndios foram desmembrados em propriedades menores, que foram adquiridos por pequenos agricultores ou destinados a reforma agrária; contudo, não houve modernização do processo produtivo. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretende desenvolver um diagnóstico da Economia Solidária no TLS e identificar qual é o conteúdo tecnológico empregado no processo produtivo desses empreendimentos. Esta análise é o resultado de uma pesquisa envolvendo 147 empreendimentos econômicos solidários mapeados no TLS. Para obtenção das informações, foram aplicados questionários abrangendo questões fechadas e com múltiplas escolhas. A pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva com uma abordagem dedutiva, e com tratamento qualitativo e quantitativo para apresentação dos dados gerados pelas entrevistas. Os resultados indicam que nenhum dos empreendimentos possuem uma cultura empreendedora e não utilizam formas de inovação tecnológica, além de terem uma matriz artesanal dos meios de produção o que coloca em risco a sua sobrevivência.