The incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of fulvic acid (FA) on phosphorus (P) movement and transformation in acid soil. FA at the rate of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g and in combination with 0.19 g KH 2 PO 4 was sprinkled uniformly on the surface of the filter paper on the soil cylinder for 21 days incubation, respectively. The result showed that the pH of soil treated with FA increased from the original value of 5.83 to the highest value of 6.27 in the surface soil layer after 21 days incubation. Due to the application of FA, exchangeable Al concentration evidently decreased in comparison to the only P treatment, which in turn significantly increased available P concentration. FA also increased the movement length of P that reached 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 cm depth for treatments reinforced with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g FA per column, respectively. As FA was added into soil, microbial population, organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) all clearly elevated. It is suggested that P fertilizer and FA are fertilized together may be considered as an optimum choice for the improvement of P availability and soil physicochemical conditions.

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The standardization of data element in land and resources management is an important component of the standardization of information technology in the field. It's an essential method to guarantee the interconnection, intercommunication and interoperability, and achieve the information sharing. This study is a case study on Beijing Municipal Land and Resources Management, especially cadastral management and land use management. Considering of the particularity of data in land and resources management from the aspects of language, expression, area, data and application, we study and develop many rules to describe the attributes of data element based on ISO/IEC 11179 and GB/T 19488. This paper shows the specific definition and standardization of data elements' attributes in our study. The whole study can direct the other related working in land and resources management, and give the ideas to carry out the study on the standardization of data element in the other fields.