The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an inherently unstable climatic oscillation of the tropical Pacific oceanic-atmospheric system between positive (El Niño) and negative (La Niña) phases with a periodicity of 2 to 8 years (Timmermann et al., 2018;Wang & Fiedler, 2006). The impacts of ENSO activity can be transmitted worldwide through atmospheric teleconnections, significantly altering global redistribution of heat and moisture fluxes (
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