Cities, especially those with historical values, are the target of mass tourism. Urban space is often the main source of disputes arising from confl icting interests, attitudes, and needs relating to the way it is used. The causes of confl icts and their scale vary widely. The aim of the research described in the article was to identify the attitudes and expectations of the inhabitants that contribute to the sustainability of the city's tourism economy. The scope of the research also included the analysis of the intensity of confl icts between residents and tourists and the tourism sector. The research was conducted in July 2020, i.e. during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a questionnaire with an extensive structure. Statistical analysis of the obtained data included surveys obtained from 386 respondents and the division into persons representing the tourism industry (45% of respondents), as well as diff erentiation by place of residence, in order to distinguish districts with 1 Artykuł powstał w ramach projektu badawczego pt. "Model biznesu w przedsiębiorstwach uzdrowiskowych" (nr 2017/25/B/HS4/00301), nadzorowanego i fi nansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki w Krakowie.46 ZYGMUNT KRUCZEK, ADAM SZROMEK, BARTŁOMIEJ WALAS, LESZEK MAZANEK high tourist traffi c. The confl icts occurring among the stakeholders of the tourism market were analyzed, who were classifi ed into four groups: entrepreneurs from the tourism industry, residents of Krakow, tourists from the reception area and local government. The level of confl icts was tested using a rating scale that was calibrated against zero (0.0 ± 1.0). The respondents most often indicated the occurrence of confl icts between tourists and residents, and between representatives of the tourism industry and residents. A confl ict between the inhabitants and the local government is noticed a little less frequently. The confl ict between the tourists themselves is strongly denied. In the opinion of the respondents, confl icts are the result of diff erent structures in the hierarchy of values and the diff erent perception of the city. The common postulate of sustainable tourism in cities after the pandemic period has been identifi ed in the research through the attitudes and expectations of residents. They mainly concern limiting the number of new accommodation facilities in historical zone, limiting short-term tourist rentals and the right of the city authorities to interfere with the rental phenomenon, increasing restrictions on entering the city center, prohibiting onerous types of transport, and restricting hours of serving alcohol.
Przedmiotem opracowania są usługi świadczone turystom w Krakowie, mieście historycznym o bogatym dziedzictwie kulturowym, postrzeganym jako najbardziej rozpoznawalna polska destynacja turystyczna. Celem pracy jest ocena usług świadczonych turystom w Krakowie. Ocena ta została sporządzona na podstawie prowadzonych przez Małopolską Organizację Turystyczną badań ruchu turystycznego w Krakowie w latach 2010–2020. Przy realizacji postawionego celu przeprowadzono analizę ankiet na próbie 26 298 wyselekcjonowanych z bazy danych Małopolskiej Organizacji Turystycznej. Wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że poziom i zakres świadczonych usług zaspokaja potrzeby turystów i jest oceniany pozytywnie. Badania nie wykazały negatywnego wpływu wzrastającego w ciągu dekady ruchu turystycznego na poziom świadczonych usług. Najwyższą ocenę (4,52) w całym analizowanym okresie uzyskała atmosfera miasta, która wraz z życzliwością i gościnnością składa się na niepowtarzalną cechę zwaną genius loci. Wysoką pozycję w ocenach zyskały również usługi gastronomiczne; średnia ocena wynosi 4,29. Mocny punkt oferty turystycznej miasta stanowi baza noclegowa. Wysoko oceniono także usługi w zakresie rozrywki, informacji turystycznej oraz dostępności komunikacyjnej i komunikacji wewnętrznej. Ponadto stwierdzono, że zainteresowania zabytkami miasta i wizyty w ramach wypoczynku stanowią niezmiennie dominujący cel przyjazdu do Krakowa. Istotnym motywem pobytu turystów w mieście były też odwiedziny krewnych i znajomych. Badania ruchu turystycznego w Krakowie, prowadzone od 2003 roku, będą kontynuowane w kolejnych latach, dostarczając istotnych informacji niezbędnych do formowania polityki zrównoważonego rozwoju turystyki w Krakowie.
Purpose. The main objective of the article is to diagnose the job market from the point of view ofsupply and demand for travel guide and tour leader services as well as to establish the dominant forms of employment, intensity of orders, forms of job search, status of employers as well as the amount of earnings. Method. In the research, the method of diagnostic survey was used; the questionnaire was supplied to the respondents via the Internet, with the option of filling it out on-line (CAWI) as well as by conducting telephone interviews with employers (CATI). Findings. The study proved that the travel guide and tour leader job market is unstable due to its seasonal nature, relatively low earnings and a constantly changing economic situation. The deregulation of occupations did not lead to a change in principles of cooperation between on the one hand, the tour operators one the one hand and the travel guides and tour leaders on the other; it did not exert influence on the costs of their employment or on the prices of tourist services. Research and conclusions limitations. The research was conducted on a representative sample of tourist guides and tour leaders as well as tour operators. Practical implications. The results of research may be of use to tour operators, organisations grouping travel guides and tour leaders as well as tourist administrations at central and regional levels. Originality. A complex study of the tourist guide and tour leader job market is innovative and has never been conducted on such a scale in Poland. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research on the supply and demand of urban, field and mountain guides as well as tour leaders.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.