Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(6) This study describes the epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Fifteen out of 70 three-year-old pregnant cows lost weight in the 30-40 days prior to calving. Clinical signs included diarrhea, weakness, mild anemia and jaundice. Dark yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy. Fibrin and clotted blood were adhered to the pericardium and lung, primarily in the diaphragmatic lobes. The liver was enlarged, and the capsular surface was irregular with clear areas and petechiae. At the cut surface, the liver was irregular, firm and edematous, and several hemorrhagic channels could be observed. Areas of fibrosis through the parenchyma and whitish thrombi occluding the great vessels were also observed. The livers of 10 cows that not died were condemned at slaughter for lesions of fasciolosis similar to those observed at necropsy. Microscopically, the liver showed areas of coagulation necrosis, extensive hemorrhages in the streaks or foci and disruption of the parenchyma with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. Fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were also observed. Immature Fasciola hepatica flukes were observed in the parenchyma surrounded by degenerated hepatocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and hemorrhages. The outbreak occurred on a farm located in an area endemic for fasciolosis, although the acute form of the disease is not common in cattle in this region. It is likely that the cows were infected by F. hepatica metacercariae released in the late fall or early spring in the rice stubble where the herd was grazing prior to calving. Although mortality due to fasciolosis in cattle is infrequent, outbreaks can occur and treatments that are effective in both the immature and adult forms of the parasite should be administered to prevent economic losses.
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(8):749-752, agosto 2014 749 RESUMO.-Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e a patologia de um surto de criptosporidiose em bezerros na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. De um lote de 400 bezerros de 30-45 dias de idade, 35 adoeceram e 16 morreram. Os bezerros nasciam fracos e logo após o nascimento apresentavam diarreia amarela, emagrecimento progressivo, desidratação, depressão e morte entre 10 e 15 dias após o início dos sinais clínicos. Na necropsia havia congestão dos vasos sanguíneos intestinais e mesentéricos. Havia distensão intestinal por gás e dilatação de vasos linfáticos. Microscopicamente havia achatamento das vilosidades intestinais, com necrose e atrofia. Aderidas à superfície das cé-lulas epiteliais das vilosidades, havia estruturas puntiformes basofílicas de 2-5µm de diâmetro compatíveis com Cryptosporidium spp. A microscopia eletrônica revelou a presença de diferentes estágios do agente aderidos às microvilosidades de enterócitos. Alerta-se para a importância da criptosporidiose como agente primário de diarreia em bezerros. São necessárias medidas preventivas no que se refere ao manejo para diminuir as perdas econômicas e a contaminação ambiental, e, ainda, diminuir o risco para a saúde pública. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO:Criptosporidiose, Cryptosporidium spp., bezerros, diarreia.
Eight outbreaks of acute and subacute fasciolosis are reported in sheep in the municipality of Santa Vitória do Palmar, southern Brazil, in areas used for irrigated rice cultivation, which are subject to frequent flooding. Two outbreaks occurred mid-winter during July and August, and six occurred during spring and early summer. Morbidity ranged from 3 to 66.7 %, and mortality ranged from 3 to 50 %. Clinical signs included weight loss, mucosal pallor, apathy, depression, muscle tremors, and drooling; these were followed by death within approximately 24 h. Some sheep were found dead. Gross lesions were characterized by an irregular liver capsule with fibrin deposition and hemorrhages. The liver parenchyma contained hemorrhagic tracts or irregular clear areas alternated with dark hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, hemorrhagic dark red tracts of necrotic liver parenchyma and an inflammatory infiltrate were noted; these lesions coincided with the presence of immature flukes. Langhans-type giant cells, fibrous tissue, and bile duct cell proliferation were observed in subacute cases. Chronic fasciolosis is a well-known disease to farmers in southern Brazil; nevertheless, acute and subacute fasciolosis, which are more difficult to diagnose and treat, may cause important economic losses. Efficient control of fasciolosis requires integration of measures to treat infections in the definitive host, to reduce the population of snails of the genus Lymnaea, and to avoid contact between the parasite and host by appropriate pasture management.
Foram estudados 33 surtos de pneumonia em bovinos jovens na área de influência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) entre os anos de 2000 e 2011. Foram diagnosticados 18 surtos de pneumonia (54,54%) em bovinos de raças leiteiras, Holandês ou Jersey e 13 surtos (39,39%) em gado de corte ou cruzas de gado de corte. A morbidade variou entre 0,06%-100% e a mortalidade foi de 0,06%-34,6%. A doença ocorreu igualmente em todas as estações do ano e foi mais frequente em bezerros de 1-3 meses totalizando 13 surtos. Sete surtos ocorreram em bovinos entre 4-6 meses, sete entre 7-12 meses e seis surtos ocorreram em bezerros de 1-29 dias. Pneumonia enzoótica pela infecção pelo vírus sincicial respiratório bovino (BRSV) com lesões histológicas de broncopneumonia, pneumonia intersticial e presença de células sinciciais foi mais frequente em bovinos de raças de corte com dez surtos (58,8%); seis surtos dessa enfermidade ocorreram em raças de leite (35,2%). O diagnóstico foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica em sete casos. Os sinais clínicos da maioria dos casos de pneumonia observados caracterizaram-se por dispneia, emagrecimento, apatia, tremores, bruxismo, desidratação, respiração ruidosa, tosse, corrimento nasal seroso ou mucopurulento, decúbito e morte. As lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por presença de áreas de consolidação vermelho-escuras, edema e enfisema nas regiões crânio-ventrais dos lobos pulmonares cardíaco e apical ou pneumonia intersticial com distribuição difusa, edema e enfisema. Histologicamente, as lesões pulmonares eram variáveis. Broncopneumonia necrossupurativa difusa acentuada com hiperplasia de pneumócitos tipo II e edema intersticial e alveolar foi observada em 15 casos. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que as pneumonias são importantes causas de perdas econômicas em bovinos jovens na região de influência do LRD. Deve ser destacado que a pneumonia enzoótica devido a infecção pelo BRSV é importante tanto em bovinos de corte como de leite independente da forma de criação.
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