RESUMO -Avaliaram-se o comportamento ingestivo e o consumo de matéria seca de cordeiras recebendo diferentes tipos de suplemento em pastagem de milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Foram utilizadas 24 cordeiras com peso inicial de 30,2 ± 2,6 kg, distribuídas em três estratégias alimentares: pastagem de milheto exclusivamente; pastagem de milheto e suplementação com farinha de mandioca; e pastagem de milheto e suplementação com glúten de milho. Os suplementos foram fornecidos na quantidade de 1% do PV. Foram avaliados, em três datas, os tempos diários (min/dia) de pastejo, ruminação e ócio e a taxa de bocados (boc/min) das cordeiras. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) foi estimado pela relação entre a produção fecal e a indigestibilidade da matéria seca e a digestibilidade da MS, pelo método in vitro. A estimativa da excreção fecal foi realizada utilizando-se óxido de cromo como marcador externo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três estratégias alimentares, duas repetições de área e quatro animais-teste por repetição. O fornecimento de suplementos diminuiu o tempo de pastejo diário, a taxa de bocados e a massa de bocado. A ingestão de pasto foi menor entre as cordeiras que receberam glúten de milho que entre aquelas mantidas exclusivamente a pasto, todavia, a ingestão total de MS foi maior quando fornecidos os suplementos (947 g para suplementação com glúten de milho; 907 g para suplementação com farinha de mandioca; e 652 g para pastagem exclusiva). Cordeiras em pastagem de milheto sem suplementação permanecem mais tempo em pastejo.Palavras-chave: farinha de mandioca, glúten de milho, massa de bocado, taxa de bocado, tempo de pastejo Feeding behavior and forage intake of ewe lambs on pearl millet pasture with or without supplementation ABSTRACT -The feeding behavior and dry forage intake of ewe lambs receiving different types of supplementation on pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) pasture was evaluated. Twenty-four ewe lambs with 30.2 ± 2.6 kg mean initial body weight (BW), distributed in three feeding strategies: grazing on pearl millet pasture; grazing on pearl millet pasture supplemented with cassava meal; and GL -grazing on pearl millet pasture supplemented with corn gluten meal.Supplements were provided in the amount of 1% of BW. The daily times (min/day) spent grazing, ruminating and idling, and the biting rate (bites/min) were evaluated on three dates. The dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated from the relationship between the fecal production (FC, g/day) and dry matter indigestibility by the in vitro method. The fecal excretion was estimated using chomium oxide as an outside marker. A randomized complete design was used, with three feeding strategies, two area replications and four tester animals per replication. Providing supplements decreased the daily grazing time, bite rate and bite mass. Pasture intake was lower among ewe lambs that received corn gluten than for those kept exclusively on pasture; however, dry matter total intake was higher when suppl...
-Twenty 11/16 Texel × 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs were slaughtered at different body weights to evaluate the growth of their non-carcass components. Animals were weaned at 42 days of age (15.9 ± 2.1 kg of body weight), housed in individual stalls, and fed ad libitum. After ten days of an experimental adaptation period, 5 lambs were slaughtered. The remaining lambs were randomly assigned to one of three following slaughter weights: 25, 30 or 35 kg of body weight at fast. At slaughter, all body components were individually weighed and expressed as percentage of the empty body weight. To determine allometric growth of individual components, the exponential equation Y = aX b was logarithmically transformed and used. Proportions of feet and head decreased, while wool proportion increased linearly as slaughter weight increased. Greater fat deposition in viscera (kidney and mesenteric fat) was observed for lambs slaughtered at more elevated body weights. Growth rate of small intestine was lower than that of the empty body (b = 0.39), and it decreased linearly as a proportion of empty body weight with advancing maturity. Growth rates of both liver and large intestine were isogonics (b = 0.90 and 1.08, respectively), i.e., similar to the empty body weight. On the other hand, rumen presented late growth (b = 1.37), and its proportion was lower only for the lambs slaughtered at weaning (1.58% of EBW). Once increased slaughter weights result in higher deposition of nutrients on body parts that are not intended to consumption, maximum slaughter weight of 11/16 Texel × 5/16 Ile de France crossbred lambs is recommended to be at 30 kg of body weight.Key Words: allometry, gastrointestinal tract, intestines, organs, sheep, viscera, Crescimento dos componentes não-integrantes da carcaça de cordeiros mestiços Texel no período pós-desmama RESUMO -Vinte cordeiros 11/16 Texel × 5/16 Ile de France foram abatidos em diferentes pesos com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento dos componentes não-integrantes da carcaça. Os animais foram desmamados aos 42 dias de idade (15,9 ± 2,1 kg de peso corporal) e confinados em baias individuais, recebendo alimentação à vontade. Após um período de 10 dias de adaptação às condições experimentais, 5 cordeiros foram abatidos e os remanescentes foram aleatoriamente sorteados para serem abatidos aos 25, 30 ou 35 kg de peso corporal em jejum. Ao abate, cada componente corporal foi pesado individualmente, e seus valores expressos em percentual do peso de corpo vazio (PCV). Para determinação do crescimento alométrico de cada componente, foi utilizada a equação exponencial Y = aX b , transformada logaritmicamente em um modelo linear. As proporções de patas e cabeça decresceram, e a de lã aumentou linearmente de acordo com o peso de abate. Observou-se acentuado acúmulo de gordura interna (renal e mesentérica) no corpo dos animais abatidos em pesos mais elevados. A taxa de crescimento do intestino delgado foi menor que a do corpo vazio (b = 0,39) o que reduziu a proporção desse órgão com o avanço d...
The aim was to evaluate the use of mixture of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde as a replacement for growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler diets on performance, intestinal quality, organ development, carcass yields and cuts, and meat quality. In the trial were used 600 male chicks, allocated in a completely randomized design, with fi ve treatments and eight replicates of 15 birds, reared up to 41 days of age. The treatments were: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC) 30 mg/kg of virginiamycin, NC+100 mg/kg of essential oils, NC+200 mg/kg of essential oils and NC+400 mg/kg of essential oils. Essential oils were composed by a micro-encapsulated blend, with of 60% cinnamaldehyde, 30% carvacrol and 10% carrier. Birds received essential oils achieved performance equivalent to those birds received PC diets, having better development than NC broilers. No differences were found on relative organ weight, intestinal mucosa and meat quality parameters, however, higher villus:cript ratio was found in PC, NC+200 and NC+400 groups. Meat crude protein and yellowness were infl uenced by inclusion of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde. It was concluded microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde can replace growth-promoting antibiotic in broiler diets, ensuring performance, intestinal integrity and broiler meat quality.
RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação privativa, com concentrado ou leguminosa, sobre as características da carcaça e dos componentes corporais de cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pastejo de azevém. Foram utilizados 27 cordeiros lactentes, distribuídos nos tratamentos que corresponderam aos sistemas de alimentação: cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pasto de azevém, cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pasto de azevém e suplementados com concentrado em comedouro privativo (creep feeding) e cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pasto de azevém e suplementados com leguminosa no pasto privativo (creep grazing). O concentrado era composto por milho, farelo de soja e calcário calcítico, e a leguminosa utilizada foi o trevo-branco. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. O conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal juntamente com bile e urina e a proporção de esôfago foram maiores (P<0,05) nos cordeiros mantidos em pasto de azevém. As proporções de fígado e intestino grosso foram maiores (P<0,05) nos cordeiros suplementados com concentrado. Os sistemas alimentares testados produzem carcaças com características semelhantes. A suplementação, com leguminosa ou concentrado, altera os componentes corporais de cordeiros lactentes mantidos em azevém.
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