For the collidine analogues of Barluenga's Reagent (IPyBF) reported, a flat cation is necessary for the generation of a modulated phase, in keeping with the "Ratchet Model" theory [Kim et al., Crystal Growth & Design, 2014, 14, 6294]. Attempts to study "diffuse modulation" in Br(Coll)ClO have shown that these non-Bragg features disappear very rapidly on exposure to synchrotron radiation, an effect thought to be caused by the radiation damage disrupting the lattice vibrations that cause the modulation.

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