INTEGRAL is an optical fiber unit for performing 2D spectroscopy ofextended objects at the 4.2m. William Herschel Telescope (WHT). It is mounted at the GHRIL Nasmyth focus together with newly built acquisition, guiding, and calibration units. It makes use of the specially designed fiber spectrograph WYFFOS. This system allows up to six bundles to be mounted simultaneously. It currently contains three science oriented fiber bundles, any one of which can be easily and quickly placed in the telescope beam. Their spatial resolution elements (fiber core diameters) are O".45, O".9, and 2".T, respectively. Hence, depending on the prevailing seeing conditions the instrument can be easily optimized for the scientific program. INTEGRAL was succesfully commissioned at the WilT during a six night period in July 1997. Here we will discuss its main characteristics.

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The objective of this study was to measure liner wall movement and define the characteristics of pulsation. The cyclic opening and closing of the milking machine liner is called "Pulsation." The liner opening and closing is a consequence of the differential pressures across the walls of the liner barrel. Liner wall movement was measured in the laboratory and during milking with an analogue laser sensor and a laptop computer equipped with a data acquisition system. Measurements were made in 10-s segments. The first and last cycles of 10 pulsations were dropped from each segment, and the average of eight cycles was used for final analysis. Opening and closing phases of liner wall movement were characterized at the intersection of 1 mm less than fully open and 1 mm greater than fully closed. The 'D' phase of the liner was 407 ms, in contrast to the 'd' phase of the chamber vacuum of 259 ms with an artificial teat. Time of liner opening averaged 87 ms with an artificial teat and 98 ms during milking. Liner closure time was 23 ms with an artificial teat and 42 ms during milking. Liner ratio was 57:43, with a chamber vacuum ratio of 65:35 using an artificial teat. Liner ratio was 58.2:41.8 with a chamber ratio of 64.5:35.5 during milking. This technology can be used to improve liner design and enhance milking performance.