No abstract

During recent decades, there has been growing awareness of human safety in the design process. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on design for human safety (DfHS) in manufacturing systems. To this end, a process for systematically reviewing DfHS studies was used. The authors focused in particular on the applications of design theories and methodologies (DTM) and design tools and techniques (DTT) to analyse and identify work situations in order to improve human safety in manufacturing system design. The authors also tried to identify the design phases in which these DTM and DTT could be applied. This research review covered papers published between 1980 and 2015, and combined seven groups of terms: DfHS, design, safety, DTM, DTT, risk and working situation. A critical analysis was also performed in view to defining a research agenda and the most prominent key actions capable of pointing out paths for future research.

Design for human safety is a complex issue because of the variability of human activities, machines and their environment as well as the variability of possible interactions between these components. The working situation is comprised of the means and the person(s) who act to carry out task(s) in a working environment in accordance with the conditions set for carrying out the task(s). The working situation can generate the hazardous conditions and undesirables events lead to harm. This paper deals with the working situation identifying and analyzing during design to improve safety. Product-Service System (PSS), which is an integrated combination of products and services that shift from product and service systems to product-service systems has been used. The Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS), which covers behavior, is considered to include product and its utilization. The interaction between PSS and FBS, proposed in present paper, allows considering product behaviors and its interaction with service activities. This paper proposes a modelling of the transitions between FBS and PSS paradigm to distinguish the realization of functions by a product part, a service part or a combination of both. The analysis of this interaction is helpful for working situation analysis. Product and service behaviors modelling also are proposed in order to help this analysis. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the application to the Power TakeOff (PTO) drive shaft.