On the basis of Zhou's modified Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, sequential coupling reactions, and a divergent strategy, the protection-free syntheses of two main pheromonal components 1 and 5, found in the fall webworm moth, Hyphantria cunea, and other species have been accomplished in 10 steps (for two compounds). The overall yields are 31% for 1, 28% for 5, and 25% for both 1 and 5, respectively. The ee values of the final products 1 and 5 are at least 99%.
Regioselective Grignard reagent additions to 3-methoxymaleimides and subsequent diastereoselective reductive dehydroxylation of the resulting N,O-acetals were studied. On the basis of these studies, a flexible and highly regio-and diastereoselective approach to methyl 5-alkyltetramate derivatives was disclosed. The method is the first direct and flexible asymmetric cationic synthonbased approach, and allows for the synthesis of various methyl (5S)-5-alkyltetramate derivatives that are otherwise inaccessible by the commonly used methods based on a-amino acids.
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