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The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence ways of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) for the accounting information quality. The research finds three accounting information quality standards. They are respectively: general quality standards, conversion quality standards and enhance quality standards. According to the three standards, the research put forward three influence ways and some concrete countermeasures. First, improving the relevance, objectivity, comparability and intelligibility could improve the general quality of accounting information. Second, improving the conversion authenticity, technical compliance and security could improve the conversion quality of accounting information. Third, improving the personality relevance, data efficiency and wide application could improve the enhance quality of accounting information. General accounting information quality is the foundation, conversion accounting information quality is the guarantee and enhance accounting information quality must further enhance the efficiency of the accounting information and capital allocation efficiency.

To extend existing research, this study examines whether private equity (PE) and corporate governance affect firm value using empirical data on the small and medium‐sized boards of listed initial public offering companies in China. The empirical results show that PE investment can raise firm value as well as affect management behavior at the macro level. At the micro level, the greater PE firms' shareholding, the higher is firm value, which is positively influenced by the time the PE stake has been held. PE reputation and foreign PE are also positively related to firm value. Finally, corporate governance plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between PE investment and firm value.

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Petroleum and petrochemical industry is the major part in China energy consumption, and closed-loop supply chain management is an important thought for petroleum equipment industry to make energy conservation and emission reductions come true. In view of the frequent emergencies on a global scale, in considering of stochastic demand, it is studied for three-level closed-loop supply chain of petroleum equipment industry to respond to demand emergencies with all unit quantity discount contract. The result shows that demand emergencies can cause a certain degree of effect to closed-loop supply chain of petroleum equipment industry. The original parameters can keep the supply chain coordinative when the market demand changed slightly, and the supply chain of petroleum equipment industry can be of anti-emergencies-ability by parameters being adjusted when the market demand changed much. That is, the supply chain coordination will be broken under the previous contract. However, no need to change retailers' recycling price in any case.