This paper deals with the synthesis and self-aggregation of a hydroxyl-functionalized imidazoliumbased ionic liquid (IL) surfactant, namely 1-hydroxyethyl-3-dodecylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 OHC 12 im]Cl). The molecular structure was confirmed by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and elemental analysis. Many important physicochemical parameters, such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at CMC (c CMC ), the adsorption efficiency (pC 20 ), the surface pressure at CMC (P CMC ), the maximum surface excess (C m ), the minimum molecular cross-sectional area (A min ), the value of CMC/C 20 , the average number of aggregation (N m ) and the micellar microenvironment polarity were determined by surface tension-concentration curves, fluorescence spectra, and electrical conductivity. The phenomena of the second CMC, the concentration dependence of N m , and the critical average aggregation number (N m,c ) of imidazolium-based IL surfactants are reported for the first time in this paper.Keywords Hydroxyl-functionalized Á Imidazolium-based Á Ionic liquid surfactant Á The second CMC Á The critical aggregation number

A novel zwitterionic imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) surfactant, 1-carboxymethyl-3-dodecylimidazolium inner salt, was synthesized. The molecule structure was confirmed by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. The isoelectric point (pI) is 3.8 ± 0.1 at 35 ± 0.1°C. The other important physicochemical parameters such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at CMC (c CMC ), the adsorption efficiency (pC 20 ), the surface pressure at CMC (P CMC ), the maximum surface excess (C m ), the minimum molecular cross-sectional area (A min ), the value of CMC/C 20 and the average number of aggregation (N m ) were determined by surface tension and steady-state fluorescence probe methods, respectively.

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