The effects of five plant polysaccharides (PPSs) with molecular weights of ∼4000 Da and different carboxylic group (–COOH) contents on the crystal growth of calcium oxalate (CaOx) were comparatively studied.

RSA is one of the well-known public key cryptography algorithms (asymmetric encryption cryptosystem) , it has been more than 40 years since it was put forward. There are countless literatures on RSA related issues; hot discussion and popularization in academic and industrial circles, it is one of the typical public key cryptosystems. The reliability of RSA algorithm mainly depends on the factorization of large integers mentioned in the principle of RSA algorithm because it is extremely difficult to factorize very large integers. Unfortunately, there is no sufficient way to break the RSA. Due to the low efficiency and decryption speed of RSA computing, many scholars are committed to improving the efficiency of RSA algorithm, Ping Li and Yong Li’s algorithm (hereinafter referred to as Li-Li algorithm) is one of the research literature. A hybrid encryption algorithm based on XOR operation proposed by Li-Li has defects, this defect is not easy to detect, this paper will point out the problem and give examples to prove the authors claims.

Abstract. Purpose: To study the injury difference of the un-aggregated and aggregated calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) on human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HKC) cells, and to discuss the molecular and cellular mechanism of kidney stone formation. Methods: The cell injure by crystals was evaluated by measuring the cell viability, malonaldehyde (MDA) release, and the expression level of osteopontin (OPN). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the HKC-COM crystal adhesion. Results: After adhesion to COM, cell vitality dropped, both MDA release and OPN expression increased. The crystal injury in HKC was in a time-dependent manner within 24 h. aggregated COM caused more serious injury than un-aggregated COM, and the adhesive capacity of aggregated COM was also obviously stronger than un-aggregated COM. Conclusions: Aggregated COM crystals enhanced the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation much stronger than un-aggregated COM crystals.