In recent years, people’s living conditions have significantly improved, and their lifestyles have been diversified. However, the incidence of various diseases has also increased with it, including cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Spinal cord cervical spondylosis is one of the spinal cord compression disorders that can be severely disabling and accounts for 10% to 15% of all cervical spondylosis. In this paper, DKI image processing technology is used to study the symptoms of cervical spondylosis, which is helpful to help them explore the symptoms and causes. The onset of cervical spondylosis has a longer period of time, and the period of conservative treatment will inevitably require a longer period of time. The clinical symptoms of cervical spinal cord compression are mainly pain, and after the cervical spinal cord nerve is compressed, ischemia and hypoxia will occur, the nerve sensitivity will increase, and the patient will have reflex neck muscle pain symptoms. This causes degeneration of the patient’s intervertebral disc tissue, degeneration of facet joints, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and formation of spurs on the posterior edge of the vertebral body. The condition will become more complicated, so it is very important to identify the characteristics of the clinical symptoms of cervical spondylotic myelopathy to help patients with cervical spondylosis recover. This paper identifies the clinical symptoms of cervical spondylosis based on the parameter ratio method of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI). The current state of diffusion kurtosis imaging and the treatment of cervical spondylosis and the treatment operation are introduced, and the image enhancement technology in medical imaging is used to analyze the disc herniation of each segment in the overflexion, neutral and hyperextension positions. After comparing the FA, MK, and MD values in the spinal cord between the normal group and the patient group, the results showed that the FA, MD and MK values in the patient group were lower than those in the normal group, and the findings showed that the MD and MK values were positively correlated with the JOA score, reflecting that as the clinical symptoms of spinal cervical spondylosis worsened. The size and number of cervical intervertebral disc bulge on the hyperextension image is obvious and the number increases (especially the C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7 intervertebral discs with greater mobility), and the highest is 0.82 and 27%, respectively.