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Nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical reduction of NiCl2 with N2H4 under controlled pH environment. During nucleation, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was added as the protective agents for preventing the agglomeration of metal clusters. Color of the solution changed from green to blue during the reaction period. X-Ray Adsorption Spectroscopy (XAS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analytical methods were used to characterize the product. XAS analysis showed that the reduction reaction occurred within 5 minutes after the addition of N2H4. The length of Ni-Ni bond was 2.59 nm. The results of XRD analysis of the three cases with pH ranging from 11.0 to 13.0 suggest that the optimum pH value for the reaction appeared to be 12.0. The average particle size was 20-50 nm under this condition.

Polyacrylamide (PAM), a biodegradable polymer, has been used in irrigating ditch to reduce soil loss for a long time. It can also be used as an aggregate agent to keep the balance of soil and water. The performance of PAM as a soil aggregate agent of silty clay loams was conducted by the wet-sieving method in this study. The effects of PAM on the germinations and growths of Bermuda and Bahia were observed by irrigating seeds of the grasses with various concentrations of PAM solutions. The experiments were conducted in a controlled box with constant temperature and humility. An outdoor experiments was also tested to understand the germination rate of seeds and the development of roots of grasses in ambient condition.

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