Recent advances in the development of environmentally friendly reagents and catalytic systems are discussed. Hypervalent iodine(III) reagents are generally considered to be environmentally friendly, due to their oxidizing properties (comparable with those of heavy metals), in combination with relatively high stability and easy availability. In addition, visible‐light photoredox catalysis has been emerging as one of the most rapidly growing fields in organic chemistry. Under visible‐light irradiation, photoredox catalysis typically provides reactive radical species under remarkably mild, environmentally friendly and sustainable conditions. Recently, many groups have utilized visible‐light‐absorbing photoredox catalysts to sensitize hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. In this review we summarize recent applications of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents in visible‐light photoredox catalysis.
GLOSSARY Carbohydrates are a family of biomolecules, ubiquitous in Nature, based on a common polyhydoxylated backbone though varying in size (from small molecules to macromolecules), in fine structure (configuration and functionalization), and possessing a wide range of biological properties and roles making them indispensable to life. Amphiphiles are molecular architectures with parts exhibiting different types of polarity, generally including hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Surfactants are molecules possessing the ability to modulate interfacial tension, notably water surface tension. Bio-based chemicals are chemical products which are obtained by transformation of a starting material arising from biomass, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, terpenes. DEFINITION OF THE SUBJECT Surfactants are commodity chemicals used in an incredibly wide range of situations of the everyday life, and must therefore be improved constantly in terms of environmental impact, sustainability and performance. One way towards more sustainable surfactants is the use of renewable resources as raw materials for their manufacture, in place of fossil ones. Since the structure of surfactant combines a polar part to a hydrophobic one, carbohydrates, which are very polar molecules, appear as ideal candidates for serving as renewable building blocks in the synthesis of bio-based surfactants. Developed first with the aim of providing added-value to some agricultural crops and by products, this strategy shows nowadays a rebirth in the context of green and sustainable chemistry. The chapter illustrates, from the chemical point of view, the diversity of molecular structures which belong to the family of carbohydrate-based surfactants.
Visible-light-promoted alkoxysulfonylation of gem-difluoroalkenes using sulfonyl chlorides and alcohols has been developed. The reaction exhibits a relatively broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. This synthesis method includes an atom transfer radical addition-like process. The products can be used as platform molecules for further modification.
The straightforward preparation of new 3-furanyl isoxazolidines by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 5-hydroxymetylfurfural (HMF) derived nitrones with electro-deficient olefins is investigated. The study addresses the stepwise reaction, with isolation of the...
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