Taking Jinghe River Basin in the Loess geomorphological area and Guangnan County in the karst geomorphological area as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of urban and rural areas of different geomorphological types are analyzed. By using GIS and related statistical analysis software, this paper summarizes three basic urban and rural types: river channel type, plateau surface type, and loess terrace horizon prototype in the Loess Landscape Jinghe River Basin. It is known that most towns in the loess plateau gully area are in the Jinghe River Basin. According to the spatial distribution characteristics of urban and rural areas, the optimal layout based on the main structure of five districts, nine River corridors, and four plates is proposed. Using the DEM module of ArcGIS to divide the elevation and gradient of Guangnan County, we know that the density of urban and rural settlements in Guangnan County is low and the spatial distribution is dispersed, and the distribution of urban and rural settlements shows a strong elevation orientation. The distribution of urban and rural settlements has a normal distribution relationship with the elevation. The largest number of urban and rural settlements is between 2.1° and 25°. According to the present situation of settlement distribution, this paper puts forward some optimization strategies, such as appropriate settlement scale, settlement space development monitoring, and so on.

This paper aims to clarify and evaluate living environment of space formation of dwelling for elderly people in Yan Ta District of Xi'an(6 community/ village), which are located in suburban of Xi'an. We intend to compare the situations of districts in suburban areas with those of the urban center and rural areas in Xi'an clarified by previous papers.The major points concluded are that, 1. Welfare facilities are underdeveloped in almost all districts, especially care facilities for the elderly. 2. The problems are different between the middle-rise housing and independent housing in detail in terms of daily activities.

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