Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

The work was carried out in 2019 in five ecological points of Kurgan region: at Kurgan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and at 4 state-owned sections (Belozerskiy, Polovinskiy, Kurtamyshskiy, Dalmatovskiy). The purpose of the research is to identify varieties with high productivity and ecological plasticity for use in crosses when creating new highly productive spring wheat varieties. We tested 26 varieties of various biotypes with a growing season from 70 (Novosibirskaya 16) to 92 (Lider 80) days. Plant height ranged from 65 to 110 cm. The best in yield in the early ripening group (29.5 ... 30.3 c/ha) were Omskaya 36, Tarskaya 12, Extra; mid-season (32.6 ... 32.9 kg/ha) - Heracles Icarus, Zauralskaya volna; medium-late (36.6 ... 37.4 kg / ha) - Bulyak, KVS Buran, KVS 240-3-13. Dusty smut (defeat 27 ... 30%) was observed in Silach, Raduga, KVS Torridon varieties. High resistance to stress (U2-U1 = -8.6 ... -11.6) was found in the genotypes Zauralochka, Tarskaya 12, Zauralskaya volna, low (-20.3 ... -28.0) Lider 80, Novosibirskaya 16, Bulyak. The most stable under changing growing conditions were Zauralochka variety samples (V = 11.8%; Hom = 29.4), Zauralskaya wave (V = 16.3%; Hom = 17.4), and Raduga (V = 16%; Hom = 17.7%). Low ductility at the level of bi = 0.31 ... 087 was recorded in the varieties Zauralochka, Novosibirskaya 16, Tarskaya 12, Omskaya 36, Boevchanka, Zauralskaya volna. Varieties KVS Torridon, Raduga, KVS Buran, KVS Jetstream, Krasnozerka, Zauralskaya zhemchuzhina, Lutetsiya, KVS 240-3-13 can be grown on an intensive background (σd2 = 0.6 ... 5.0). Raduga variety formed a consistently high productivity in different growing conditions. According to a set of indicators and related calculations, it is recommended to use the following varieties combining yield with ecological plasticity parameters for inclusion in the system of crosses: early ripening - Extra, Tarskaya 12; mid-season - Hercules, Icarus, Lutetsiya; medium-late - KVS 240-3-1, Bulyak, KVS Buran.