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In the highly competitive social environment, people are facing psychological problems of anxiety, tension, and depression. This paper mainly examines the impact of tourism on negative emotions. This article uses the 2016 cross-sectional data of the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to observe the relationship between household tourism expenditures and the emotions of family members. We used the Probit model and instrumental variables and selected two types of negative emotions as indicators to measure the mental health to establish a model together with economic indicators such as family tourism expenditure and other economic activity expenditures. The empirical results show that families spending on tourism have low probability of negative emotions or mental problems P < 0.01 . There are positive effects between family tourism activities and members' mental health. It can be seen that tourism is an effective way to alleviate national mental health problems.

Various information media (such as TV and the Internet) have become the main channels through which for people to obtain information. Previous studies showed that media use influences the purchase of private medical insurance; however, research on its internal influence mechanism is still relatively weak. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2017, this study constructed a moderated mediation model to analyze the mechanism of the influence of media use on the purchase of private medical insurance. Individuals’ self-rated health status was used as a mediator and individual cognitive ability was used as a moderator. The results showed that self-rated health status played a partial mediating role and individual cognitive ability played a negative moderating role in the direct path between media use and the purchase of private medical insurance. Furthermore, in the indirect path, individual cognitive ability negatively moderated the impact of media use on self-rated health status.

Public health education is gaining significance globally, and it is important for managing health risks. This study empirically analyzed the effect of public health education on people's demand for commercial health insurance. And we used the fixed effects and the mediating effect models, and instrumental variables regression in our research based on panel data of 31 provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from year 2009 to 2019. The findings show that public health education significantly increases people's demand for commercial health insurance, and this effect remains significant when considering endogeneity and robustness. We further analyzed and found that the increased demand for commercial health insurance is caused by health literacy, health risk perceptions and health risk attitudes. Through heterogeneity analysis, we found that there were significant differences in the effects of public health education in regions with different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We found that the effect of health education on promoting people's demand for commercial health insurance is more obvious in regions with high levels of urbanization, proportion of men, education, economic development, medical resources, and social medical insurance coverage. Governments are supposed to take further measures to enhance the effectiveness of public health education, develop high-quality commercial health insurance, and continuously improve health risk coverage.

BackgroundThe trend towards low fertility and low mortality is prominant worldwide. The accelerating ageing and the pressure on public pensions are making the “dependent pattern of old-age support”, which relies on family and government, unsustainable. It is urgent for people to change their mindset about ageing and to develop a sense of “relying on themselves for oldage support”.MethodsThis study incorporates the commercial pension insurance, formal care and the attitude towards independent old-age support pattern into the framework of “independent pattern of old-age support”, using the probit regression model and instrumental variables approach to examine the impact of internet use on old-age support patterns of middleaged and older people based on the CGSS 2012–2018 five-period data.ResultsThe more frequent internet use increased the likelihood of purchasing commercial pension insurance, accepting formal care, and endorsing independence in later life. The internet can promote the acceptance of independent pattern of old-age support by delivering information and facilitating social interaction.DiscussionConsistent with previous research, this study finds that internet use can promote the purchase of commercial pension insurance. There are no relevant studies on the impact of internet use on formal care and attitude towards independent old-age support pattern. Our finding provides important empirical and theoretical references for ageing countries to further transform old-age support patterns.