The conversion of excess ammonia
N into harmless N2 is
a primary challenge for wastewater treatment. We present here a method
to generate ClO• directionally for quick and efficient
decomposition of NH4
+ N to N2. ClO• was produced and enhanced by a bifacial anode, a front
WO3 photoanode and a rear Sb–SnO2 anode,
in which HO• generated on WO3 reacts
with HClO generated on Sb–SnO2 to form ClO•. Results show that the ammonia decomposition rate of Sb–SnO2/WO3 is 4.4 times than that of WO3 and
3.3 times than that of Sb–SnO2, with achievement
of the removal of NH4
+ N on Sb–SnO2/WO3 and WO3 being 99.2 and 58.3% in
90 min, respectively. This enhancement is attributed to the high rate
constant of ClO• with NH4
+ N, which is 2.8 and 34.8 times than those of Cl• and HO•, respectively. The steady-state concentration
of ClO• (2.5 × 10–13 M) is
102 times those of HO• and Cl•, and this is further confirmed by kinetic simulations. In combination
with the Pd–Cu/NF cathode to form a denitrification exhaustion
system, Sb–SnO2/WO3 shows excellent total
nitrogen removal (98.4%), which is more effective than WO3 (47.1%) in 90 min. This study provides new insight on the directed
ClO• generation and its application on ammonia wastewater
treatment.
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