Amazonia National Park is located in southwestern Pará State in central Amazonia. The 10,707 km 2 park is one of the largest protected areas in Brazil and is covered with pristine forests, but the region is threatened by dam construction projects. An incomplete mammal biodiversity inventory was conducted in the area during the late 1970s. Here, we present results of sampling from 7,295 live-trap nights, 6,000 pitfall-trap nights, more than 1,200 km of walking transect censuses, and approximately 3,500 camera-trap days, all conducted between 2012 and 2014. These sampling efforts generated a list of 86 known species of nonvolant mammals, making the park the single most species-rich area for nonvolant mammals both in the Amazon Basin and in the Neotropics as a whole. Amazonia National Park is a megadiverse site, as is indicated by its mammalian richness, which includes 15 threatened mammal species and 5 to 12 new species of small mammals. As such, it merits being a high-conservation priority and should be an important focus of Brazilian authorities' and the international scientific community's conservation efforts. A comprehensive conservation plan is urgently needed, especially given the ecological threats posed by dam construction.
Oysters are found along the whole coast of Brazil. The phenotypes of the species vary considerably according to the characteristics of the habitat. The present study investigated the existence of different oyster species of the genus Crassostrea on the coast of Maranhão, using the Multiplex PCR technique and DNA Barcoding. The results of the Multiplex PCR revealed two distinct bands characteristic of the species C. gasar and C. rhizophorae in a total of 135 samples analyzed. The sequencing of the COI gene of 98 samples produced a 695 bp fragment and 15 haplotypes for C. gasar and 640 bp and eight haplotypes for C. rhizophorae. The haplotype tree divided the two species clearly into different clades with 100% bootstrap support. Intraspecific genetic divergence was 0.2% in both species, while interspecific divergence was 23.6%. The similarity between the sequences generated and those available in BoldSystems ranged from 97.01% to 98.37% for C. rhizophorae and from 97.55% to 99.84% for both C. gasar and C. brasiliana, reinforcing the taxonomic problems in this group, which supports the synonymization of these species. The DNA barcoding permitted the reliable identification of the samples and confirmed the existence of two species of oyster in the study area.
Background: The developmental biology of K. scorpioides is described, based on the phenotype. This species is important for the flora because they are excellent seed disseminators. In addition, basic embryological information is not yet fully clarified, and this research provides unprecedented information on the chelonian embryology of the Amazonian fauna. Methods: Females were monitored throughout the reproductive cycle, by video monitoring, to identify nests and the presence of newly laid eggs. At regular weekly intervals, embryo samples were collected fixed in a 4% paraformol solution and preserved in 70% alcohol. For the embryonic characterization we used a stereomicroscope and the scanning electron microscopy method. Results: We describe 15 embryonic stages for a 15-week (105-day) incubation cycle. Only at 42 days (6th week) was the morphological characterization of a chelonian observed and at the 12th week (Stage XII) the phenotypic characterization of the species kinosternon scorpioides. Conclusions: In view of the evidence, we found that these phases are similar to the other turtles, with structural variations in the appearance and disappearance of structures due to the specific characteristics for the species.
O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Conselho Editorial Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas APRESENTAÇÃO O termo "genética" nos últimos anos ganhou uma conotação cada vez mais importante e acessível à população. Podemos dizer que a genética saiu da rotina laboratorial e da sala de aula para adentrar as casas da população, seja por informação ou na forma de produto. Isso porque a revolução tecnológica contribuiu grandemente com o avanço no campo da pesquisa básica e aplicada à genética, e as descobertas propciadas por tecnologias mais apuradas possibilitaram um entendimento mais amplo desta importante área. A genética como sabemos possui um campo vasto de aplicabilidades que podem colaborar e cooperar grandemente com os avanços científicos e tecnológicos. O acelerado mundo das descobertas científicas caminha a passos largos e rápidos no sentido de transformar a pesquisa básica em aplicada, portanto é relevante destacar que investimentos e esforços nessa área contribuem grandemente com o desenvolvimento de uma nação. O livro "Inventários e Recursos Genéticos" aqui apresentado, aborda assuntos relativos aos avanços e dados científicos publicados de cunho voltado para a utilização dos recursos genéticos disponíveis na área ambiental, microbiológica dentre outras diversas que cientistas tem gastado esforços para compreender. Assim, são diversas as possibilidades de aplicações genéticas em diversos campos, neste livro tentaremos otimizar os conceitos dos recursos genéticos abordando plantas medicinais, segurança alimentar, sanidade animal, microrganismos patogênicos, identificação molecular, caracterização morfoagronômica, Banco de DNA, metabólitos secundários, melhoramento genético, análise multivariada, bioinformática, expressão de genes, viabilidade polínica, Germoplasma, recursos genéticos, cultivares, Qualidade de sementes; seleção de plantas; melhoramento genético da mamoneira, simulações em Easypop, fluxo gênico, fragmentação florestal, análise de diversidade genética de Nei, Coeficientes de endogamia, demonstrando ferramentas genéticas e moleculares usadas em diferentes estudos que estão diretamente relacionados ao dia-a-dia da população. Desejamos que este material possa somar de maneira significativa aos novos conceitos aplicados à genética Parabenizamos cada autor pela teoria bem fundamentada aliada à resultados promissores, e principalmente à Atena Editora por permitir que o conhecimento seja difundido e disponibilizado para que as novas gerações se interessem cada vez mais pelo ensino e pesquisa em genética.
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