This study investigated the effect of loneliness on depression and further tested the mediating effect of social support. A total of 320 elderly persons completed the Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results revealed that loneliness and social support significantly correlated with depression. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that social support partially mediates loneliness and depression. The final model illustrated a significant path from loneliness to depression through social support. This study sheds light on the concurrent effects of loneliness and social support on depression, providing evidence on how to reduce depression among the elderly.

Based on data from 1,366 Chinese preschoolers aged 31-77 months from 62 preschools, this study compared differences among four parent-child dyads in parent-child relationships and the associations between parent-child relationships and children's social adaptations. According to the results, the same-sex dyad and opposite-sex dyad patterns were tested. The results showed the same-sex dyad and opposite-sex dyad patterns in parent-child closeness. Mother-daughter dyads had more closeness than mother-son dyads; father-daughter dyads had more closeness than father-son dyads. The results were more supportive of the same-sex dyad pattern in the associations between parent-child relationships and social adaptations. Mother-child closeness predicted girls' greater social skills and fewer problem behaviors; father-child conflict predicted boys' worse social skills and greater problem behaviors.

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An integrated design of the adaptive robust control and the fault identification for a linear system with actuator faults is proposed. When actuators suffer from unpredicted faults, the proposed control strategy can track the actuator fault parameters adaptively without any prior fault information, and guarantee the robustness of the faulty system. An unknown input observer is designed to decouple the disturbance and the actuator faults. Then an adaptive control law with projection is presented to track the fault parameters. A new definition of robust H ∞ -like performance is proposed to ensure that the system is robust for both exogenous disturbance and unpredicted faults. Then the adaptive robust control law is designed to guarantee the system satisfying the robust H ∞ -like performance. Finally, the effectiveness of this control strategy is illustrated through the faulttolerant longitudinal control of the simplified F-18 aircraft model.

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