The study carried out within the framework of the project Mountain, in the massif of Bibans on a small zone of Ighil Ali, Béjaia, had for general objective to raise a current situation of natural resources, their mode of management and the living conditions of the local populations, in order to identify the sustainable activities susceptible to improve them. The fixed objectives aimed at first at characterizing and at estimating the conditions of life and production of communities, in particular state of natural resources (ground, water, biodiversity) and their mode of valuation; the socioeconomic environment; the agrarian structures and the means of production which have communities as well as social infrastructures. Secondly, it was a question of reviewing the activities of all kinds led or potential, and their effects on the standard of living of the local populations. The adopted methodology has been based on the approach of the livelihoods, which has the advantage to suggest a coherent approach of analysis of all the aspects considering, in particular the vulnerability, the assets, the policies, the institutions and the implemented strategies to remain. The adopted methodology led to realize participative cards and cards GIS of the relief and the natural resources. Population was investigated and interviewed with actors of various institutions. Finally focus-groups were led in a different way with the men on one hand, and the women on the other hand. It was called on to certain tools of participative research. The main results showed that the living conditions were appreciably improved with the made realizations: electricity, drinkable Water supply, roads, tracks, schools, antierosive arrangements, tree-dwelling plantations, renovation of the network of irrigation, subsidy of the population by a caprine (goat) livestock and a beekeeping, trainings of communities in particular social marketing, environmental education and sorting of waste, led by the breeding, the tourism, the manufacturing of cheese and food hygiene.
