No abstract

In recent years, periodic droughts in various regions set limits to the production of field crops, negatively affect the economy of land users and the condition of soil. In this regard, the relevance of research on the development of options for energy-saving technologies that contribute to the preservation of productive moisture, yield of field crops and the return on production costs and maintaining soil fertility is increasing. The research on this issue had been carried out in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory in 2013-2018. The researchers studied the effect of 22-24cm plowing (the control); surface 6-8 cm and zero direct sowing technology for oil flax, winter wheat, stubble sowing without irrigation and sowing peas, as well as their combined effect on the economic efficiency of production and the dynamics of organic matter in ordinary black soil. It was found that the cultivation of 4 crops for 3 agricultural years for basic surface tillage exceeded the control for the conditional net income and the formation of organic matter - humus over its consumption. The technology of direct sowing of crops provides a conditional net profit and dominates over moldboard plowing and even surface tillage in terms of the accumulation of organic matter in the soil. The studied combination of crops, with different biological characteristics, and energy-saving technologies for their cultivation allows maintaining profitable agricultural production and soil organic matter in the present period and in the future.

The purpose of the research was to determine the material, energy and other indicators for the cul-tivation of crops of the crop rotation link using fertilizers, pesticides and effective growth stimu-lators for different-depth basic soil treatment. It was found that the crops of the grain-tillage rota-tion link, which were cultivated by plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm (control), surface treatment to a depth of 6-8 cm and zero (chemical) treatment significantly changed their productivity, and also formed various production, and therefore energy costs. The yield of oilseed flax was 1.70 t / ha, winter wheat-6.23 t / ha, mogar grain of crop sowing-0.49 t / ha, mogar hay-1.74 t / ha, peas-3.86 t/ha. The yield of these crops obtained using the no-till technology was, respectively, at 12- 3- 0 – 4 the percentage is lower than in the control. The largest net income (64090 rubles / ha), the amount of additional energy (220998 Mj) and the energy efficiency coefficient (3.5) were formed during surface tillage for crops of the crop rotation link, including due to the mogar of crop sow-ing, respectively 3370 rubles/ha and 243208 Mj. Cultivation of 4 field crops in 3 agricultural years significantly increases the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of production and can be applied in other regions.