The size dependence becomes more significant as the devices scale down from micro-to nanodimensions, which is generally attributed to surface effects due to the very high surface-to-bulk ratios in nanoscale structures. However, significant discrepancies between experimental measurements and computational studies indicate that there could be other influences besides surface effects, such as the influences of native oxide layer, fabrication-induced defects and boundary conditions. In this paper, our purpose is to investigate mainly the influence of fabrication-induced defects on the elasticity of [110] silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with different cross sections. We accomplish this by using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our MD results show that the H-passivated [110] SiNWs without surface defects is slightly elastically softer than bulk, which is in good agreement with other literature MD values. However, the effective Young’s modulus of SiNWs with surface defects can significantly decreases as the defects increase. This softening behavior of [110] SiNWs is severe, which indicates the importance of surface defects. It is noted that the influence of defects on the Young's Modulus of SiNWs strongly depended on the distribution and morphology of defects as well as the cross-sectional shapes of SiNWs. It is observed that the influence of defects on square SiNWs is significantly different from those of hexagonal and triangle SiNWs. Our work reveals that fabrication-induced surface defects could be one of the important origins of the reduced effective Young’s modulus experimentally observed in ultra-thin SiNWs. Therefore, the effect of defects on the characterization of the mechanical properties of nanowire must be carefully considered.

Employee performance evaluation is a key part for the enterprises to improve human resource management. It provides a way of managing and motivating staff for modern enterprises. In order to solve the problem of performance appraisal for the employees of manufacturing enterprise, a model of multi-role-based performance appraisal is put forward based on the comprehensive analysis of organizational structure. Taking sales manager of a manufacturing enterprise as an example, with the integrated using of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE), the method of performance evaluation is proposed, which provides a reference for performance appraisal of manufacturing enterprise.