The aetiology behind recurrent pregnancy loss is unknown in about 50% of cases despite having a lot of known factors. Two to five percent of RPL occur due to a genetic cause. A structural or a numerical abnormality in the chromosomes of the parents or in the foetus can result in pregnancy loss. Several genes like those that are involved in angiogenesis, oxidative stress, clotting and inflammation have also been associated with RPL. Recent advances such as the use of microarrays and next generation sequencing for detecting the genetic abnormalities in RPL patients, in the aborted foetuses and in the embryos in the form of preimplantation genetic screening can help to better diagnose and treat RPL patients.