The US-PIVA method offers an effective alternative to Central Venous Access in patients requiring a-RCEx procedures who lack visual or palpable peripheral access, with minimal complications seen in this series. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:501-506, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The CMNC and MNC protocols are reliable, efficient and comparable in performance parameters and cell composition of final product, respectively. One advantages of the CMNC protocol is the potential ability to tailor the cell composition of the final product accordingly to demands from cell processing laboratories.