h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Flupyradifurone (FPF) significantly reduced bee survival in summer (À14%). Combined FPF and nutritional stress reduced post-flight thermoregulation (À1 C, À4%). Interaction between FPF, nutrition, and season reduced bee food consumption (À14%). FPF, nutrition, season, and temperature alter flight (success: À19%; velocity: þ13%). Nutritionally stressed bees cannot meet caloric needs (satiated at 54 ± 1 ml/bee/day).