Las esponjas marinas Cliona varians y Cinachyrella kuekenthali, fueron recolectadas en Isla Larga, Bahía de Mochima, estado Sucre, Venezuela, para su estudio sobre bioactividad. Se procedió a realizar extracciones con acetato de etilo (AcOEt) a cada esponja, y posteriormente un screening químico y las pruebas biológicas señaladas a continuación: antibacteriana, antifúngica y letalidad contra nauplios I del crustáceo Artemia salina. Para ambas esponjas se detectó la presencia de alcaloides, esteroles insaturados y cumarinas, y además taninos y metilencetonas para C. varians. Los bioensayos demostraron que los extractos poseen actividad letal o tóxica muy fuerte contra el crustáceo A. salina, con valores de CL50 inferiores a 103 μg/ml a 24 h de exposición de las larvas. Posterior al fraccionamiento cromatográfico de la fracción soluble en AcOEt de cada esponja, se observó que se magnificó el efecto tóxico de las subfracciones provenientes de C. varians, obteniéndose valores de CL50 por debajo de 4 μg/ml. Los extractos en AcOEt de dichas esponjas no presentaron actividad contra las bacterias y hongos ensayados; al fraccionar C. varians, se mantuvo este comportamiento; sin embargo, la subfracción CV1 presentó actividad antibacteriana leve contra Listeria monocitogenes. Las subfracciones de C. kuekenthali no mostraron actividad antifúngica; sin embargo, esta especie aumentó su actividad antibacteriana actuando contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteristiti, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella ephimurium y Enterococus fecalis. Estos resultados perfilan a dichas esponjas como una fuente promisoria en futuras investigaciones de fármacos con actividad antitumoral, especialmente C. varians. ABSTRACTThe marine sponges Cliona varians and Cinachyrella kuekenthali, were collected in Isla Larga, Mochima Bay, Sucre state, Venezuela, to study their bioactivity. Each sponge was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and then a chemical screening and the following biological tests were performed: antibacterial, antifungal and lethality against nauplii I of Artemia salina crustacean. The presence of alkaloids, unsaturated sterols and coumarins was detected for both sponges, and also tannins and metilenketones for C. varians. Bioassays showed that extracts have very strong lethal or toxic activity against A. salina nauplii, with LC50 values less than 103 μg/ml at 24 h of larvae exposure. After chromatographic fractionation of the EtOAc soluble fraction from each sponge, the toxic effect of the C. varians subfractions was magnified, obtaining LC50 values below to 4 μg/ml. EtOAc extracts of these sponges showed no activity against fungi and bacteria used in this study; this behavior was maintained when fractioning C. varians; however, CV1 subfraction showed mild antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. The C. kuekenthali subfractions did not show antifungal activity, but showed antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteristiti, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella ephimurium and Enterococcus faecalis. These results suggest these sponges as a promising source for future investigations of drugs with antitumoral activity, especially C. varians.
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