Optical vortex arrays have been achieved in an end-pumped N d : Y V O 4 laser pumped by an annular beam. Spontaneous transverse mode locking of Laguerre–Gaussian modes in different frequency-degenerate families has been obtained by merely adjusting the pump power. A maximum output power of 0.88 W and optical conversion efficiency of 13.6% are achieved for optical vortex arrays. Optical vortex arrays formed in different frequency-degenerate families of Laguerre–Gaussian modes can be actively controlled by the position of the axicon. This work provides a way to research transverse mode locking of Laguerre–Gaussian modes in different frequency-degenerate families based on annular beam pumping.

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