Background Entada phaseoloides is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. Objective To evaluate the anti-stress activity of seeds of E. phaseoloides in endoplasmic reticulum stress during chronic restrain stress in mice, based on our preliminary screening. Materials and Methods Mice (n = 6/group) were restrained daily for 6 h in 50 ml polystyrene tubes for 28 days. Methanolic extract of E. phaseoloides (MEEP) (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard drug, imipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.) were administered daily 45 min prior to restrain from day 22–28. Then, forced swim test (FST) was performed to assess despair behavior. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes Reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the hippocampus of mice. 78 kDa Glucose-regulated Protein, 94 kDa Glucose-regulated Protein, C/EBP homologous protein, Caspase-12 expression were quantified by Real Time PCR. Results MEEP significantly reduced the immobility time in FST ( P < 0.001). Significant reduction of LPO ( P < 0.05) level and restored antioxidant enzymes viz. GSH ( P < 0.001) and SOD towards vehicle control group were observed. Down-regulation of genes GRP 78, GRP 94 ( P < 0.001), CHOP and Caspase-12 ( P < 0.001) as compared to the chronic restrain stress group was evident, which were upregulated following treatment. Isolation of the active components of the seeds revealed the presence of Oleic acid ( 1 ), Entadamide A ( 2 ), Entadamide A-beta- d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ) and 1-O-protocatechuoyl-β- d -glucose. Conclusion MEEP altered endoplasmic reticulum stress in chronic restrain stressed mice; however, as an antidepressant it showed a weaker response.

Objective: The present study investigates the protective effects of crude extract from seeds of Entada phaseoloides and isolated compounds in enhancing cognition in Scopolamine induced learning and memory impairments in the radial arm maze model.Methods: Two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) of the crude methanolic extract of Entada phaseoloides (MEEP) were evaluated for amnesic activity by Radial Arm Maze memory model. Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i. p.), an amnestic drug was used for impairing memory. Tacrine (3 mg/kg, i. p.) was used as the standard drug. Animals were sacrificed to evaluate biochemical parameters viz. lipid peroxidase (LPO), nitrite oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cytokine levels by ELISA, Catecholamine levels by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Caspase-3 activity by Fluorogenic assay, Gene (BDNF, TrkB, NF-κB p65, BAX) expression studies by Western Blotting and AChE, α7nAchR, Caspase-3, Nrf2 and HO-1 by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results: Treatment with MEEP significantly decreases escape latency and reference memory error (RME). MEEP treatment reversed the Scopolamine-induced hyperactivation of Acetylcholinesterase activity and overexpression of proteins NF-κB p65 BAX and also Caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus of rats. The level of BDNF, TrkB and α7nAchR were significantly up-regulated and AChE, Caspase-3, Nrf2, HO-1 were down-regulated in the MEEP treated rat. The extract increased the activity of SOD, GSH, Catalase, 5-HT, NE, Dopamine and decreased the levels of LPO and NO in rat hippocampus. Different active components of the seeds have been isolated.Conclusion: These results indicated that seeds of Entada phaseoloides might become a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in addition to its already established medicinal properties.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major form of dementia among neurodegenerative diseases, which results in memory deficits. There is no report of the memory enhancing activity of Entada phaseoloides, however we reported its potential as a memory enhancing compound and based on this study, its isolated compound Phaseoloidin is taken up for the present study in scopolamine induced memory impairment in Morris water Maze (MWM). Methods: Mice (n=6/group) treated with Phaseoloidin (100 and 200 mg/kg) and the standard drug Tacrine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) were pretreated with scopolamine. Animals were sacrificed to evaluate AChE and lipid peroxidase, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase. Gene (BDNF, TrkB, NF-êB p65, Caspase-3) expression studies by Western Blotting and AChE, PP2A, Tau, Nrf2 and HO-1 by Reverse Transcriptase PCR and Real Time PCR. Result: Phaseoloidin and Tacrine significantly improved memory dysfunction by decreasing escape latency during training and enhance in time spent in target quadrant. Its treatment reversed the scopolamine induced elevation of AChE, elevated SOD, GSH, Catalase levels and decreased LPO, NO levels in the hippocampus. Expressions of BDNF, TrkB, NF-êB p65 and Caspase-3 were up regulated in the treated group. It suppressed mRNA expression of AChE, Tau and increased Nrf2, HO-1, PP2A. Thus, Phaseoloidin could be a potent neuro-pharmacological compound against amnesia.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading three diseases with higher death rates worldwide, with an expected 2.2 million new cases continuously in 2030. The expanding utilization of common plant-inferred parts, investigating the counter proliferative impacts of phytochemicals is progressively picking up significance in planning anticancer medications. This study aimed to examine the effect of methanolic extracts of Entada phaseoloides (MEEP) on the apoptotic pathway in human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29 cells). MTT assay and live/dead staining with fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) were utilized to quantify cell viability in cancer cells. This research facility's exploratory investigation showed the effects of colon malignant growth cells (HT-29) exposed to various portions (1.23, 3.70, 11.11, 33.33, and 100µg/mL) of MEEP. The pure compounds isolated from the extracts includes Oleic acid, Entadamide A, Entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Phaseoloidin. The result showed that MEEP actuated the concealment of cell viability and apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This included characteristic changes in nuclear morphology, the breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), up-regulation of pro-apoptotic BAX, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, which initiates the transformation of caspase-3 to cleaved caspase-3, thus actuating PARP promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, it was found that MEEP does not affect ROS production. Thus overall findings applies against proliferative impact through various signalling pathways, is an outstanding possibility for hostile to colon cancer therapy with the help of natural sources.