This overview presents the results of scientific and practical research into the development of the interface "neuron-electronic device" based on silicon nanowire. The work has been carried out for several years by a team of scientists specializing in various fields of science and technology: neuroscience, surface science, nanoelectronics, crystal growth, physics and chemistry of nanotechnology, and nanocomputing. The technology of formation of the interface "nerve fiber-silicon nanowire" was developed. The experiments were performed in vivo on Wistar rats. The developed technology was used in the manufacture of implants for the regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve. The results of the studies showed the effectiveness of using such implants not only for the regeneration of nerves with severe injuries but also for the creation of a bioelectronic interface for neurocomputers that can be used in vivo for a long time.