The present study experimentally investigated the effects of roof height and sill width on car ingress and egress movements. Short females required almost the same roof height as tall males due to smaller space around the seat. The results would help to optimise car dimensions for improving car accessibility.

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Few investigations have been performed on how the ranges of preferred angles should be used for vehicle interior discomfort evaluation. This study investigated the ranges of the least uncomfortable joint angles considering both inter-individual and intra-individual variability. The driving postures of sixty-one subjects were collected using two multi-adjustable vehicle mock-ups under four test conditions by gradually adding the number of control parameters (constraints), from the "least-constrained" driving condition to the configurations close to currently existing vehicles. With help of subjective discomfort evaluation, the intra-and inter-individual variation ranges of least uncomfortable postural angles were quantified. Results show that intra-individual variation ranges of postural angles were much smaller than those of inter-individual variation as expected. An individual may not feel comfortable throughout the whole range of comfortable angles from all participants. Possible relationships between perceived discomfort and ranges of inter and inter individual variations in least uncomfortable angles were explored, suggesting that the inter ranges could be used to detect potential problems of postural discomfort and the intra ranges could be considered as optimum ranges. A three color model, based on the intra-and inter-individual variability ranges of comfortable driving postures, was proposed for ergonomics assessment of a vehicle configuration.