During the mid-twentieth century in Oklahoma, young artists at a school for American Indians selectively used e accounts of Native American cultures written by anthropologists to enhance their artistic representations. While became an important means of preserving knowledge of tribal cultures, cultural preservation took on a larger sig school's goal to train professional Indian artists whose livelihoods depended on the patronage of private collecto Art students utilized anthropological accounts of Indian cultures to help them succeed, but they and their teache rejected anthropologists as final authorities on their cultures. Through their participation in art corn petitions th specific representations of Indianness, their use of ethnography, and their rejection of anthropologists, young In new indigenous identities.

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