Heart failure (HF) is a rising global cardiovascular epidemic driven by aging and chronic inflammation. As elderly populations continue to increase, precision treatments for age-related cardiac decline are urgently needed. Here we report that cardiac and blood expression of IGFBP7 is robustly increased in patients with chronic HF and in an HF mouse model. In a pressure overload mouse HF model, Igfbp7 deficiency attenuated cardiac dysfunction by reducing cardiac inflammatory injury, tissue fibrosis and cellular senescence. IGFBP7 promoted cardiac senescence by stimulating IGF-1R/IRS/AKT-dependent suppression of FOXO3a, preventing DNA repair and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, thereby accelerating the progression of HF. In vivo, AAV9-shRNA-mediated cardiac myocyte Igfbp7 knockdown indicated that myocardial IGFBP7 directly regulates pathological cardiac remodeling. Moreover, antibody-mediated IGFBP7 neutralization in vivo reversed IGFBP7-induced suppression of FOXO3a, restored DNA repair and ROS detoxification signals and attenuated pressure-overload-induced HF in mice. Consequently, selectively targeting IGFBP7-regulated senescence pathways may have broad therapeutic potential for HF.