Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes tracheobronchitis and pneumonitis; however, to date, there has only been one report of an endobronchial mass caused by HSV type II.This case study describes a 68-yr-old female with severe kyphoscoliosis who was intubated for acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure and developed blood-tinged endotracheal secretions.Fibreoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated an endobronchial mass in the right middle lobe. Cultures grew HSV type I and biopsy specimens demonstrated cytopathological changes consistent with HSV infection. This is the first reported case of HSV type I presenting as an endobronchial tumour.