No abstract

Background:The microenvironment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) continued to be an important point of research to discover new therapeutic targets for such malignancy. It was discovered that any cells that were in the microenvironment of the EOC may be associated with cancer prognosis like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and Tregulatory cells (Tregs). The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was a T-cell checkpoint pathway that sent inhibitory signals to T cells that can inhibit immunity. PDL1, a PD-1 ligand, is detected in lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and tumor cells. Tregs (mature T lymphocytes) that start in the thymus after stimulation of naïve T cells and responsible for the reduction of autoimmune diseases, but its over production will inhibit endogenous protection against infection and tumors. Forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor box P3 (Foxp3) is an intracellular molecule for Tregs growth and maturation and was found to be the most specific Tregs marker. It was found that Foxp3 is not only found in Treg cells that originated in the thymus but also in malignant cells and its difference in expression can affect the outcome of cancer patients. Aim of our study: was to assess PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma a trial to detect their prognostic value and their impact on survival in patients with such type of cancer. Methods: The expressions of PD-L1 and FOXP3 in both tumor cells and stromawere evaluated in sections of 50 paraffin blocks that were retrieved from 50 patients with EOC using immunohistochemistry.We assessed the relation between their expressions, clinicopathological parameters, survival and prognosis of those patients

Background; Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy and the second cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Understanding the underlying molecular biology of breast cancer allow better management to decrease its mortality. The S100 P is a member of S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins. Apoptosis is a physiologic mechanism of cell death that has been shown to play important role in cancer development. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic gene that has the ability to block apoptotic signals, while Bax is another member of the Bcl-2 family that has an apoptosis-stimulating function. The aims of our study were to elucidate the prognostic role of S100P, bcl2 and bax in breast cancer, clarify the relation between their expressions and the prognosis of that type of cancer. Method: The plasma S100P levels (by ELISA) and expressions of bcl2& bax (by Immunohistochemistry) were evaluated in 90 women; 70 metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC), 12 primary breast cancer patients (PBC) and 8 healthy controls, thenwe assessed the prognostic value of S100P, bax, bcl2 in breast cancer patients. RESULTS: the plasma S100P level was nearly the same for PBC patients and controls, but was higher than that of MBC patients (p<0.001). There is significant correlations between the level of S100P with capsular invasion (p =0.018), stage, bcl2 and bax (P <0.001). In MBC there is a significant association between elevation of S100P level, number and site of metastasis (P<0.001). Bcl2 expressions in breast cancer patients had negative significant correlations with grade (P< 0.001), ki67 (P< 0.021), molecular subtype (P< 0.050), stage (P <0.001), and S100p (P<0.05), also its expression in MBC patients was statistically significant with number of metastasis (P=0.014). Bax high expression is statistically significant with grade (P=0.003), stage (P<0.001), ER (P<0.010), PR (P<0.023), Her-2 neu (P<0.002),